BIOLOGY 152 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Genotype Frequency, Allele Frequency, Beagle

• School: UMASS-Amherst
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOLOGY 152
• Professor: Christiane Healey

Document Summary

Hardy-weinberg equilibrim- no evolution is occurring if all criteria are met. If the(cid:396)e"s (cid:374)o ge(cid:374)e flow, (cid:374)o ge(cid:374)eti(cid:272) d(cid:396)ift, (cid:374)o (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ge i(cid:374) total, the(cid:374) the ha(cid:396)dy wei(cid:374)g(cid:271)e(cid:396)g e(cid:395)uatio(cid:374) is valid. k. Hardy weinberg equilibrium- if observed different from expected, then its not in hardy. 221+156+384=761 = total, then divide each one by total to get frequencies. Multiply number of white flower alleles (cid:894)(cid:1006) w"s(cid:895) so (cid:894)(cid:1006)(cid:1006)(cid:1005)/(cid:1011)(cid:1010)(cid:1005)(cid:895) *(cid:1006) Fitness is an evolutionary sense: think of it as a lifetime reproductive success, relative fitness. Fitness means passing off traits and having the most offspring to survive. Artificial breeding (pigeons) + companion for voyage of the beagle. Mutation- weak agent of evolutionary change on its own. Important source of variation: evolutionary mechanism that increases genetic variation, raw material for other mechanisms: origin of genetic variation, somatic vs. germ line mutations, recombination: rearranges raw material into new, cool combinations. Alleles do(cid:374)"t (cid:373)utate spe(cid:272)ifi(cid:272)ally i(cid:374)to (cid:374)ew (cid:271)e(cid:374)efi(cid:272)ial alleles.