PSY 265 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Aphasia, Peripheral Nervous System, Central Nervous System
Document Summary
Cognitive neuroscience: exploring the neurological substrates of cognitive processes. Basic building block: electrochemical processors; generate action potentials, neurons that fire together, wire together. Nervous system major divisions: central nervous system, peripheral nervous system. Brain: four lobes, cerebellum, brain stem. Bridge between right and left side of brain. Midbrain: relay center, involved in arousal. Hypothalamus: controls the pituitary gland, which regulates other glands, sleep, temp control, eating, drinking, and other homeostatic behaviors. Broca"s area: damage results in nonfluent aphasia (inability to produce words) Wernicke"s area: associated with fluent aphasia (inability to understand speech or produce meaningful speech) Conveys information to other cells: axon terminal. Axon: axon hillock, myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier, axon terminals. Action potential: resting state, excitation, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, return to resting state. Synapse: pre-synaptic cell, synaptic cleft, post-synaptic cell. Phrenology: gall and spurzheim, different parts of brain control different functions, size of a portion of brain corresponds to its power, different faculties (functions) are independent.
