ANTH 130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Sub-Saharan Africa, Permanent Crop, Shifting Cultivation
Document Summary
Horticulture: plant cultivation, non-intensive use of. Monday, february 27, 2017: shifting cultivation, slash and burn cultivation, leaving elds fallow, hoes, digging sticks, elds not permanent property, villages (with headmen) sometimes move. Agriculture: more labor intensive, uses land intensively, continuously, techniques and tools include: Terracing: greater yields per acre, dependable, agriculturalists. Pastoralism: cattle, sheep, goats, camels, yak, reindeer, llamas, alpacas, north africa, middle east, europe (alps, nordic), asia, sub-saharan africa, andes in south america. Monday, february 27, 2017: nomadism- entire group moves. Middle east and north africa: transhumance- part of the group moves, while the rest stay home in the village. Industrialized agriculture: greater mechanization, use of fertilizers and pesticides, seed hybridization, standardization of crops, animals raised in large groups, special feeds and feeding pens, mass slaughtering techniques. Mode of production: set of social relations through which labor is deployed to wrest energy from nature, by means of tools, skills, organization, and knowledge. Monday, february 27, 2017: land, labor, technology.
