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ANAT 261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Muscularis Mucosae, Circular Folds, Submucosa

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tobiusmcf
14 Nov 2021
School
McGill University
Department
Anatomy & Cell Biology
Course
ANAT 261
Professor

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Document Summary

Lecture 18: the digestive system (small and large intestines) Lab exam: 20 images/1 minute each, sadb m-1. Final: 3 short essay questions (5 marks each), 1 long essay question (15 marks) and 30 mc. General plan: duodenum, digestive enzymes, where the bile duct comes to, duodenum is a tube (30 cm) connected to the jujenum, then connected to the ileum. Hooks on the large intestine: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa/adventitia. Left: brunner"s glands: differentiable by their location. General plan of the small intestine mucosa: m cells associated with peyer"s patches/galt (gut associated lymphatic tissue) Important because they take out bacteria pieces and tell body to make antibodies against them. Enterocytes: terminal web (actin+myosin) is connected to zonula occludens, microvilli: small membrane projections with actin filaments pushing the membrane up, increasing the. Large intestine (17) colon: start at cecum (blind pocket, vermiform appendix ascending transverse descending colon sigmoid colon and rectum, tunica muscularis, longitudinal section makes three specific bands.

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Related Questions

This enzyme is produced by the tongue

Salivary amylase is able to chemically digest the following injested nutrient(s)

Pepsin able to chemically digest the following injested nutrient(s)

Pancreatic juice able to chemically digest the following injested nutrient(s)

This enzyme is produced by the intestinal glands in the small intestine

This absorbed building block will enter a lacteal after moving across the wall of the small intestine (hint: the building blocks of nutrients are amino acids, monosaccharides, or fatty acids! choose one of those answers!)

.A

lingual lipase
B.

carbohydrates only
C.

proteins only
D.

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
E.

lipids only
F.

pepsin
G.

monosaccharides
H.

amino acids
I.

brush border enzymes
J.

fatty acids

5. Fats A. Chemical digestion of lipids occurs primarily in the small intestine. Before enzymes can break down fats like triglycerides (the most common type of fat in our foods), they must undergo emulsification. Describe the process of emulsification. Name the substance which performs this job. Name the organ that synthesizes this substance. Name the organ which stores and concentrates this substance. How does this substance get into the duodenum of the small intestine? B. After fats are emulsified, they are chemically digested. What is the general name for enzymes which digest fats? Name all of the organs which synthesize and secrete this enzyme into the digestive tract. C. Cholesterol is a type of fat. Why is it important to have some cholesterol in our diets? Why is it important not to have too much cholesterol in our diets?

6. Waste Production A. The large intestine AKA colon is the digestive organ which produces feces. Starting with the cecum and ending with the anus, name ALL parts of the large intestine in order. B. How does the large intestine convert liquid waste from the small intestine into solid waste to be eliminated from the body? C. Name 5 components of fecal matter. NOTE that the small intestine absorbs ALL of the digestible carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in our diets; thus, these nutrients must NOT be in your list.

3. Carbohydrates A. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the oral cavity. Name the enzyme that initiates carbohydrate digestion. Name the 3 sets of organs that secrete this enzyme. B. Describe how carbohydrates are chemically digested in the small intestine. Include a discussion of brush border enzymes. C. Does the pancreas release any enzymes which chemically digest carbohydrates? If yes, name it (them). How does pancreatic juice enter the small intestine? D. Fiber (AKA cellulose in plant cell walls) is not digestible. Why not? Despite not being digestible, fiber is beneficial to our health. Why?

4. Proteins A. Where are proteins first digested chemically? What enzyme initiates protein digestion? B. Does the pancreas release any enzymes that chemically digest proteins? If yes, name it (them). C. Describe 3 ways in which the body uses these protein subunits.