CHY 183 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Immunoassay, Rh Blood Group System, Antigen
Document Summary
Plasma: the fluid portion of blood; mostly made of water; 55% of blood. Antibody attaches to antigens on two red blood cells -> forms network of cross-linked cells (clumping or agglutination) Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets: sold material suspended in plasma. Antigens: proteins and carbohydrates; on the surface of red blood cells; responsible for blood-type characteristics. Fundamental principle - for every antigen, a specific antibody exists for it. 15+ blood antigen systems but a-b-o and rh system most important. Has both a and b antigens has neither anti-a or anti-b. Of population; 44% type o, 42% type a, 12% type b, 3% type ab. Antigen-antibody reactions applied to immunoassay techniques for detecting abused drugs in blood and urine. Antibodies that react with drugs dont exist naturally. Produced in animals by combining drug with protein and injecting it into the animal. Polyclonal antibodies: collection of antibodies that attack different sites.
