PSYCH291 Lecture Notes - Dependent And Independent Variables, Research Question, Covariance
Document Summary
E. g. claiming there was support for a given hypothesis. Classifying a research claim can help us decide what to focus on when critically examining the research. Whether researchers measure or manipulate the variables. Measured and manipulated variables (also called dependent and independent variables) Has values that are observed and recorded. Values (levels) are assigned to participants by the experimenter. Conceptual variable -> create an operational variable -> can now measure the conceptual variable. Frequency claims: a description of one variable. E. g. the average canadian spends x% of their time outdoors. E. g. exposure to nature is related to happiness. Causal claim: one variable influences another variable. Describes a particular rate, proportion, or percentage of a single measured variable. Two variables are related to each other. E. g. states with more guns have more gun related deaths. Temporal precedence: one variable occurs before the other. No alternative explanations: a third variable (confound) could not account for the association.
