PHY3111 Study Guide - Final Guide: Apical Ectodermal Ridge, Knockout Mouse, Cas9

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erinbeetle253

25 Jun 2022

School

Monash University

Department

Science - Physiology

Course

PHY3111

Professor

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Document Summary

How the fate of cells is followed: marking cells by injecting them with dyes, or by transplanting marked tissue, traced using genetic & cellular markers. Fate maps can be generated using these approaches. Single cell rna sequencing: collect embryos at different stages of development -> dissociate into single cells & barcode -> sequence rna in each cell -> using bioinformatics, generate a map of related cells. Defect experiment (remove part of an embryo & look at consequences): example: apical ectodermal. Ridge (aer), a structure present in developing limb buds, was removed. The more was cut, the shorter the limb. Transplantation experiment (transplant part of an embryo to another site & look at consequences): cells in a blastula stage frog embryo are transplanted into another region & their fate observed. Experiments identified the dorsal lip (spemann organiser) as a signalling centre responsible for patterning the embryo. We can use crispr-cas9 to knockout and modify genes in mice.

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I need help solving these questions for my software class:

12. Match each term with its definition

Word list: documentation, evolutionary prototype, GUIs, fourth generation, information gathering prototype, libraries, Lips and Prolog (5GLs), prototype, prototyping approach, short-term solution

Term Definition

	Programming languages often used in information gathering prototype development
	Usually involves only a small team of programmers and one or more users
	Type where the prototype becomes the full working program
	Term used to describe the scale and budget for most prototyping projects
libraries	Collections of reusable code often used to speed up prototype development
Lips and Prolog (5GLs)	Languages often used in the development of prototypes of both kinds
GUIs	Favoured interface for prototype development
information gathering prototype	Prototypes developed to gather information that can be used in another development
documentation	Stores critical information for future maintenance
prototype	A working model that can be evaluated by users

14. Complete the Methods of Implementation table, using the information provided below.

One section of the organisation uses the new program and all other sections continue with the old program until a decision is made to put the new program into place across the whole organisation	One or more tasks of the new program are gradually implemented until the new program takes over all tasks of the old program
The old and the new program work together	The new program immediately replaces the old program

Method	Description	Diagram (draw it yourself)
Direct Cut Over	The new program immediately replaces the old program
Parallel Implementation	The old and the new program work together for a period of time
Phrased Implementation	One or more tasks of the new program are gradually implemented until the new program takes over all tasks of the old program
Pilot Implementation	One section of the organisation uses the new program and all other sections continue with the old program until a decision is made to put the new program into place across the whole organisation

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Could you please proofread and correct scientifically andgrammatically my work, thanks ^_^

Here itis:

The percentage error was found to be 0.186% and 6.66%respectively.

This implies that the predicted value of the freefall accelerationis fairly accurate while the predicated value of deceleration isnot as much. The encountered errors were due to severalexperimental and human limitation was that the experiment involved.The experimental limitation was due to the uncertainty of theclinometer which was Â± 0.5o.

I.e. In our calculation, a difference of 0.5o can lead to adifference of 40 - 80 cm in height as shown below:

The human limitations was due to the human eye being unable todetect the exact point on the track at which the gondoladecelerates. This is because the braking happened very quickly.This adds an uncertainty to the location of deceleration when theangels are being measured.

In addition, the human ability cannot decide on the exact period oftime at which the gondola freefalls or decelerates. This is due tothe human reaction speed being unable to exactly determine thestart time of the momentary freefall and deceleration. The timetaken for humans to react cannot be measured thus it cannot besubtracted from the findings to get an accurate timing.

All of these limitations that have affected the accuracy of theresults could be avoided to some extent by marking the exact zonesrequired on the track of the giant drop as well as using anelectronic angle measurer to measure the angles . Additionally, theusage of an electronic timer to measure periods of the freefall anddeceleration is also suggested.

During the analysis, finding an average to the deceleration in theaccelerometer reading (using Logger Pro) was only estimated usingthe human naked eye. This is because an average could not be takenelectronically. Thus, there is also some uncertainty involved inthe theoretical value.

NOTE:

The value for freefall acceleration obtained from thevideo-analysis technique was 9.754 Â± 0.3237 m/s2. 9.754 m/s2 has apercentage error of :
0.469%

This value indicates it is fairly accurate and can be used as aconforming result to the theoretical value. The error involved isdue to the fact that the video was shaking, thus plotting thevelocity/ time graph of the gondola at different times wasnegatively affected; although the axes was roughly re-set at everyframe.

A stent is a small, tubular device implanted into arteries orsome other hollow organ in order to provide structural supportagainst collapse. Some modern stents can even provide gradual drugdelivery. Clinical failures are some of the most serious reasonsfor continual R&D into stent improvement. Models are anindispensable part of further research as experimental testing isoften expensive and time-consuming. For example, a stent with a10-year life expectancy corresponds to approximately 400 millioncyclic loadings from heartbeats!

A common design for a stent is a hollow woven mesh of helicalwire, as shown in the above figure. Much like Chinese finger traps,a change in length is accompanied by a corresponding change inradius of the stent. The goal of this problem is to examine howthis deformations are coupled.

(a) Letâs start out by looking at a single helix of wire.Convince yourself that we can parametrize the curve of the wireby:

x(Î¸) =rcosÎ¸

y(Î¸) = rsinÎ¸

z(Î¸) = (lÎ¸/2Ï)sinÎ±

where r is the radius and Î± is the âlead angleâ of the helix -the angle the wire makes with the xy-plane as it crosses it, and lis the length of wire in one turn of the helix. Determine thislength of wire l in one turn of the helix by using l =â« ds withappropriate bounds, where ds =â(dx²+dy²+dz² ). Express l in terms of rand Î±.

PHY3111 Study Guide - Final Guide: Apical Ectodermal Ridge, Knockout Mouse, Cas9

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