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ANP 1106 Lecture Notes - Anterior Nuclei Of Thalamus, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Limbic System

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26 Jun 2022

School

University of Ottawa

Department

Anatomy and Physiology

Course

Professor

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Document Summary

Grp of structures located on the medial aspect of each cerebral hemisphere and diencephalon. Its cerebral structures encircle the upper part of the brain stem. In the diencephalon, the main limbic structures are the hypothalamus and anterior thalamic nuclei. Includes the cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and the hippocampus. Provides the emotional impact that makes a scene important. The hippocampus establishes memories that allow us to remember. Reticular activating system (ras) = sends continuous stream of impulses to the cerebral cortex so it"s alert and conscious and enhancing its excitability. Also filters the flood of sensory inputs. Inhibited by sleep centres located in the hypothalamus. Aphasias = loss of language abilities due to damage to specific areas of the brain. Lesions to broca"s area leave patient with the ability to understand but not speak language. Lesions to wernicke"s area leave patients being able to speak but it doesn"t make sense (word salad)

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Related Questions

To derive the formulas for the major characteristics of motion as functions of time for a horizontal spring oscillator and to practice using the obtained formulas by answering some basic questions.

A block of mass is attached to a spring whose spring constant is . The other end of the spring is fixed so that when the spring is unstretched, the mass is located at $x=0$ . . Assume that the +xdirection is to the right.

The mass is now pulled to the right a distance beyond the equilibrium position and released, at time $t=0$ , with zero initial velocity.

Assume that the vertical forces acting on the block balance each other and that the tension of the spring is, in effect, the only force affecting the motion of the block. Therefore, the system will undergo simple harmonic motion. For such a system, the equation of motion is

$a(t)=-\frac{k}{m}x(t)$ ,

and its solution, which provides the equation for , is

$x(t)=A\cos\left(\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}t\right)$ .

Find the velocity

of the block as a function of time.

Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables:

A cylinder A, having Va = 30 litres of an ideal monoatmoicgas, is connected to a second cylinder, B, of circularcross-section, as shown in Fig. 3.16 of the book(shown below).Cylinder B is fitted with a piston of diameter 10 cm, which slideswithout friction or leaking. Initially: Pa = 10 MPa, Ta = 300 K, Vb= 0, and the compression force on the spring is zero. The springobeys Hooke's law and has a stiffness k = 10^5 Nm^-1. Remember thatthe work done by such a spring is: Wspring = -k(Xf^2 - Xo^2)/2,with x = 0 the equilibruim position of the spring.

The valve, V, is opened slowly and the gas leaks through fromA to B, compressing the spring. Equilibrium is eventuallyestablished again at a temperature of 300 K throughout all parts ofthe system.

(a) Calculate the distance by which the spring is compressedin the final equilibrium state.

(b) Determine the work done on the gas.

(c) Calculate the total heat transferred to the gas duringthis process.

Consider now there is an externally applied force holding thepiston hard against the left-hand side of volume B while the valveis opened fully. The external force is then gradually reducedallowing the piston to move slowly while the gas expandsisothermally, compressing the spring.

(d) Calculate the amount by which the spring is ultimatelycompressed.

(e) Establish the work of compression of the spring and thework done by the externally applied force.

(f) Determine the heat transferred to the gas during thisprocess.

The back of the book provides all the answers but does notexplain how to get them.

(e) 22.34 kJ (on spring), -48.38 kJ (on gas), and 26.04 (extforce)

I understand the answers for b and c given a - since thechange in energy is 0 so W = -Q. and putting in .6684 so Xf and 0for Xo into the Wspring equation you get the 22.34 kJ answer.

I can't however find how to calculate the compression. I haveused PV=NRT and manipulated it to high heaven and just cant getit.

Parts d through f I havn't touched since I havn't been able tofind a

1) A stepladder (shown in figure 12-52 on page 325 in your book)has sides which are each 3.0m long and hinged at the top. A 0.8mtie-rod is located half way up. A man weighing 800N climbs 2.1malong the ladderâs length. So that weâre all using the samevariables, let us define
W= 800m L=0.3 m d=1.2m s=8.0
Assuming that the floor is frictionless and neglecting the mass ofthe ladder â¦
(0.5 points)
Write an expression for the angle that the ladder makes with thehorizontal.

Model the situation with Newtonâs Second Law [and its rotationalequivalent]. Set up the system of equations as if you were to solvefor the quantities below. You equations should be in terms of thevariables given above only (no numbers) and trig functions of theangle above (just call it ).

One last comment; in addition to the forces below, thereâs one more(your job to figure out what it is) that will be in your equations.The force has components. Tip: Rather than defining a new angle andmessing with more trig functions, just call the x-component Fx andthe y-component Fy in your equations.

solve the above equations for the following quantities (give me anexpression in terms of the variables first, then give me the actualnumber)â¦
(1 points)
a) The tension in the tie-rod. (Call it T in your free-bodydiagrams and equations.)
The magnitude of the force on the ladder from the floor on;
(1 points)
b) the left side of the ladder (where the person is)? (Call it FLin your FBDs and your equations.)
(1 points)
c) the right side of the ladder? (Call it FR in your FBDs and yourequations.)
***Remember to draw free body diagrams (for yourself, not to besubmitted) and write out all equations using variables before youplug in numbers. Also notice that the numbers in your book areslightly different than those in this problem, but the bookâsanswer should provide you a way to check your method andsolution.