PHL275H1 Lecture Notes - Mushroom Cloud, Nuclear Weapon, Meta-Ethics

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8 Aug 2022
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Relation to non naturalism/objectivism vs expressivism/error theory/subjectivism . Utilitarianism right act is always the one that will result, in whatever way, in the greatest total happiness/greatest surplus of happiness over unhappiness, possible for all beings affected. Non naturalist utilitarians sidgwick & moore (minus welfarism) Expressivist utilitarians hume (everyone has sentiment favouring what will result in most happiness) & hare. Common objection to utilitarianism is impractical. 1) we often don"t know what"s right utilitarianism explains why. What"s right depends on consequences & we often don"t know what those will be. 2) the objection doesn"t apply just to utilitarianism surely any moral theory thinks one moral duty is to bring about good consequences, ex. Any moral theory faces same difficulty at least some of the time. 3) sometimes we do know enough about consequences of acts to know what is right/what is wrong. Ex. dropping nuclear bomb on toronto to see mushroom cloud.

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