BS 375 Lecture : Env Microbiology 10

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wrygaard6

15 Jan 2023

School

University of the Sciences

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BS 375

Professor

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Document Summary

Biocontrol: the use of microbes to control plant diseases or insects. A number of microbes have been used to control soil-borne and air-borne plant diseases caused by plant pathogens as well as nematode pests. In some cases, good success have been achieved by biological control. Two main approaches: eradication or reduction of inoculum, protection of introduced antagonists of fungi and bacteria. Under some situations, biocontrol can be used to reduce or eradicate pathogen inoculation. It is achieved through suppressive soils and hyperparasites. Several soil-borne pathogens e. g. fusarium oxysporum (vascular wilt) Phytophthora cinnamomi (root rot of fruits and trees) Cause several diseases in soils called conducive soils. Whereas they develop much less and cause milder diseases in other soils called suppressive soils. Suppressive soils added to conducive soils can reduce pathogen inoculum through antagonistic effect e. g. soil amendments with soil containing streptomyces sp. Antagonistic to streptomyces scabies (which cause potato scab disease)

Related Questions

Controlling a disease for which humans are the reservoir is considered easier than controlling a
disease for which other animals are the reservoir. What are the factors necessary before a
disease in which humans are the reservoir can be eradicated? How would agent characteristics
such as infectiousness, pathogenicity, and virulence affect the probability of achieving
eradication? Is it possible to eradicate a disease for which humans are not the reservoir? Has it
been achieved at a local/national/international level?

Many microbes are not pathogenic. Their infections do not result in disease states. This assumes and implies that the immune system is capable of controlling them. When these organisms cause disease, we refer to them as opportunistic pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one such organism; it does not cause disease in healthy individuals, but it causes serious wound infections with fatal outcome in burn patients, and its is also very serious in cystic fibrosis patients. Explain why in these patients, the second line of defense fails to control this microbe, whereas it is very effective in healthy individuals.

jadecaribou502

Pathogens and their hosts are perpetually locked in anevolutionary arm race. Host immune systems impose strong selectionon pathogens, but since many pathogens have large population size,short generation times, and high mutation rates, they evolvequickly. If we can deduce the life history and evolutionarytendencies of pathogens, we can control pathogenic diseases better.Bearing this in mind, what is the role of evolutionary biology inunderstanding diseases?

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BS 375 Lecture : Env Microbiology 10

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