A gene - ApoE - has been linked to increased risk of Alzheimer's. Carrying certain alleles of this gene increase the risk of Alzheimer's. However, it is not clear if this is due to a role for ApoE in the brain, or due to how this allele of ApoE also seems to be correlated with high blood pressure. How - using animal models, not humans - would you go about testing if high blood pressure causes damage to the hippocampus? How could you test if high blood pressure is sufficient to damage the hippocampus? How could you test if it is necessary?

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Jean KeelingLv2

13 Sep 2018

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I need help with Genetics question.

I would appreciate if detailed description is included.

The e4 allele of apolioprotein (APOE) increases the probability of developing Alzheimer disease (AD). How e4 does this is not known. You believe the e4 allele changes the structure of the APOE gene product so that it prevents the repair of small brain injuries, and that AD results from the accumulation of unrepaired small brain injuries, injuries individuals with normal APOE alleles repair. You want to do a study of the US population to test your hypothesis that AD results from unrepaired brain injury.

a. Briefly describe the study you want to do, and explain how this study will test your hypothesis.

b. Predict what results you would find if the hypothesis is correct.

c. Explain to the research funding board why you think these results would be convincing evidence that your e4 hypothesis is correct.

Medical History:
JT is a 10 yr old white male. He is sedentary most of the time and would rather play computer games than play outdoors or participate in sports. His mother has noticed that he has shortness of breath when exercising, and she is worried about his health. She took JT to see his pediatrician due to these concerns.

Diagnosis:
The pediatrician completed a physical e x a m and referred JT for an exercise test.
The results were as follows:
BMI = 31
Maximal functional capacity = 8 METs
Blood lipids and glucose:
â¢ Total cholesterol = 200 mg Â· dlâ1
â¢ High-density lipoprotein = 32 mg Â· dlâ1
â¢ Triglycerides = 190 mg Â· dlâ1
â¢ Low-density lipoprotein = 220 mg Â· dlâ1
â¢ Glucose = 119 mg Â· dlâ1
Resting blood pressure = 130/86 mmHg
Resting HR = 90

Questions:
1. Is JT at risk with respect to body mass index?

2. Is JT at risk with respect to his aerobic capacity?

3. Is JT at risk with respect to blood lipids, glucose, or blood pressure?

4. What would be an appropriate exercise test for JT (mode, protocol) and why?

5. As you sit down with JT and his mother following testing, how would you approach this patient regarding his results?

6. What suggestions would you give JT to improve his results? If you suggest increasing physical activity, how would you justify this to him? Explain why physical activity would or would not be beneficial for JT.

7. Write an exercise prescription for JT to improve the following: aerobic endurance, muscular endurance and strength, and range of motion.

Need 150 word response to the below discussion post

The heart is the most important muscle in your body. The heart is just like a pump that moves the blood throughout the body. This action is what keeps us alive. We are typically taught about the danger of a heart attack, and what we must change in our lives to prevent it; but just like many people, I am at a high risk for heart disease because of family history as well as because of my firefighter career, as heart disease is the number one killer of firefighters (Fire Engineering, 2012). According to the American Heart Association, âboth the risk of heart disease and risk factors for heart disease are strongly linked to family historyâ (American Heart Association, 2016). However, even though your family history provided a picture or marker for possible issues, it is up to us to lower the risk by making changes in our lifestyles.

Heart attacks are caused by blockage that stops blood flow to the heart. A heart attack is when there is damage or death to the heart muscle tissue due to loss of blood supply and this does not necessarily result in an individual's death. A heart attack can show symptoms, such as radiating chest pain or discomfort, dizziness or nausea, sweating, anxiety, stomach pain and shortness of breath. Women have the same symptoms, but they do show some difference in that they describe the pain in their stomach and shoulder blades. In the field we treat heart attack by treating the symptoms; we use IV fluids, baby aspirin, as well as nitroglycerin.

There is another silent killer that most people do not hear much about or they think it is the same thing as a heart attack. As a medic, I deal with this life and death situation all the time, and it interesting to see how many people are not aware of the difference of a heart attack and a sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest is the abrupt loss of heart function in a person who may or may not have diagnosed heart disease. This can happen at any time, its unexpected and occurs instantly, or seconds after symptoms occur. Cardiac arrest is caused when the heartâs electrical system malfunctions. This causes the heart to go into and irregular heart rhythm (ventricular fibrillation). When this happens, the hearts lower chambers suddenly start quivering and this stops the pump of blood in the heart. The only thing that can reverse cardiac arrest is early defibrillation and CPR. Most people think that a defibrillator can be used on heart attack patients, but this is not the case. The defibrillator is used to shock the heart and restore the normal heart rhythm, if the heart stops, then CPR has to be performed.

Unlike a heart attack, sudden cardiac arrest can happen to anyone, no matter how health or fit they are. According to the American Heart Association âcardiac arrest is a leading cause of death, nearly 360,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occur annually in the United Statesâ (American Heart Association, 2016).