1. Food passing into the small intestines is very acidic from the hydrochloric acid released by the lining of the stomach and mixed in by churning. The pH of the stomach is about 2 whereas the pH of the small intestines is about 8. A buffer, bicarbonate, is released by the pancreas and used to convert the pH 2 chyme solutions (food) to a pH 8. Explain the importance of the buffer to the continued digestion of your food.
2. Your enzymes have specificity. With this in mind, explain why you need no less than ten different enzymes working on digestion in your small intestines.
3. In a eukaryotic cell there is one nucleus and several mitochondria. Both of these organelles are surrounded by a membrane and contain DNA. With your knowledge of a minimal cell, the cell theory and the endosymbiotic hypothesis, explain whether or not they fit the criteria to be considered a cell and support your answer.
4. Your pancreas cells produce many digestive enzymes necessary for the final digestive processes in your small intestines, including pancreatic amylase to complete the digestion the starches in your food. The pancreatic amylase is secreted from the cells of the pancreas and is carried to the small intestine in the common bile duct. Describe the pancreas cellâs processes that it must go through from production to secretion of this enzyme (amylase).
1. Food passing into the small intestines is very acidic from the hydrochloric acid released by the lining of the stomach and mixed in by churning. The pH of the stomach is about 2 whereas the pH of the small intestines is about 8. A buffer, bicarbonate, is released by the pancreas and used to convert the pH 2 chyme solutions (food) to a pH 8. Explain the importance of the buffer to the continued digestion of your food.
2. Your enzymes have specificity. With this in mind, explain why you need no less than ten different enzymes working on digestion in your small intestines.
3. In a eukaryotic cell there is one nucleus and several mitochondria. Both of these organelles are surrounded by a membrane and contain DNA. With your knowledge of a minimal cell, the cell theory and the endosymbiotic hypothesis, explain whether or not they fit the criteria to be considered a cell and support your answer.
4. Your pancreas cells produce many digestive enzymes necessary for the final digestive processes in your small intestines, including pancreatic amylase to complete the digestion the starches in your food. The pancreatic amylase is secreted from the cells of the pancreas and is carried to the small intestine in the common bile duct. Describe the pancreas cellâs processes that it must go through from production to secretion of this enzyme (amylase).
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