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1. Define acidosis and alkalosis in the body and compare andcontrast metabolic vs. respiratory causes?

2. Describe the location and role in maintaining of acid/basebalance of the four buffer systems in body?

3. summarize the renal mechanisms which affect acid/ basebalance ?

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Sixta Kovacek
Sixta KovacekLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Case-1: Patient History A.C. is a 79-year-old man living in a long-term care facility. He has had multiple medical diagnoses, including heart failure (HF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a stroke. He is bedridden and receiving enteral tube feedings. He has chronic diarrhea thought to be related to his tube feedings. He receives digoxin and furosemide (Lasix) to manage his heart failure. Analyze this case study and answer the next three questions that follow.

Case-1: Question-1

A.C. is prone to several acid-base and fluid-electrolyte disorders. Which of the following is/are true for this patient? (select all that apply)

Hypernatremia

Respiratory acidosis

Hypokalemia

Saline excess

Case-1: Question-2

How would A.C. attempt to compensate for respiratory acidosis should it occur?

Compensation through renal production of more bicarbonate ions.

Compensation through hypoventilation.

Compensation through hyperventilation.

Compensation through renal excretion of bicarbonate ions.

Case-1: Question-3

What acid-base imbalance might occur as a result of A.C.’s chronic diarrhea? (select all that apply)

Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Case-2: Patient History

L.S. is brought to the emergency department for management of acute mushroom poisoning. Her respirations are slow and shallow, and she is nonresponsive. She is admitted to the critical care unit to be closely monitored for the development of respiratory failure and renal failure, which often accompany mushroom poisoning. Her urine output is decreased to about 20 ml/hr. Her laboratory values are serum K+ = 5.7 mEq/L; arterial blood gases (ABGs): pH = 7.13, PaCO2 = 56 mm Hg, PaO2 = 89 mm Hg, HCO3- = 18 mEq/L.

Analyze this case study and answer the next four questions that follow.

Case-2 Question-1

What is the most likely cause of L.S.’s potassium imbalance? (select all that apply)

The most likely cause of L.S.’s potassium imbalance is impaired kidney function.
The most likely cause of L.S.’s potassium imbalance is respiratory failure.
The most likely cause of L.S.’s potassium imbalance is her shallow breathing.
The most likely cause of L.S.’s potassium imbalance is renal failure.

Case-2: Question-2

What is the relationship between acid-base balance and serum potassium level? (select all that apply)

Acidosis contributes to hyperkalemia.
Alkalosis contributes to hypokalemia.
Acidosis contributes to hypokalemia.
Alkalosis contributes to hyperkalemia.

Case-2: Question-3

Categorize and explain the probable cause of L.S.’s acid-base disorder. (select all that apply)

L.S. has respiratory alkalosis.
L.S. has respiratory acidosis.
L.S. has metabolic alkalosis.
L.S. has metabolic acidosis.

Case-2: Question-4

Can L.S. compensate for her acid-base disorder? (select all that apply)

She can compensate by excreting more bicarbonate ions.
She can compensate by hypoventilation.
She will not be able to compensate on her own because the lungs and the kidneys are malfunctioning.
She can compensate by hyperventilation.

1.Briefly describe the respiratory system. What main components in cigarettes affect the respiratory system? Explain the effect of 2 compounds on specific organs, cells, and processes in the respiratory system.

2.There are alternate mechanisms of transporting carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) in the blood. Explain how smoking might lead to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.

3.Can smoking affect other organ systems of the body? Give specific examples, and briefly explain your answer.

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