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You have identified various tRNAs from a variety of hypotheticalorgainisms. Given the anticodon of the tRNA, determine if each tRNAindividually could conform to the nearly universal genetic code.Assume that the tRNA in question can only be charged with one aminoacid and it is the same amino acid everytime. If the tRNA is notintended to be charged with an amino acid, it can never be chargedwith an amino acid.

1. Anticodon: 3' A C U5'

Could this tRNA conform to the nearly universal geneticcode?

yes or no

2. Anticodon: 3' G C U5'

Could this tRNA conform to the nearly universal geneticcode?

yes or no

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Jamar Ferry
Jamar FerryLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Some Functions of Enzymes

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Question 3:

like mRNA, tRNA has a ribose sugar, U instead of T, and issingle stranded. Unlike mRNA, which remains a long single strand ofnucleotides, tRNA folds so that some areas pair up.

The resulting structure has an anticodon on one end and a site foran amino acid to attach on the other end. There is basecomplementarity (A pairs with U and G pairs with C) between an mRNAcodon and tRNA anticodon.

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If one is testing a goodness of fit to a 9:3:3:1 ratio, how many degrees of freedom would be associated with the Chi-square?

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An anticodon on a tRNA has the sequence 5'–GCA–3'. What would be the effect on translation if the G in the anticodon were mutated to a U?

The anticodon could pair to the serine codon 5'–UCA–3', and a cysteine would be incorporated at all points where a serine should have been incorporated.
The anticodon could pair to the threonine codon 5'–ACU–3', and a threonine would be incorporated at all points where a cysteine should have been incorporated.
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The anticodon could pair to the stop codon 5'–UGA–3', and instead of stopping translation, a cysteine would be incorporated and translation could continue.

I just came across this abstract:

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are responsible for creatingthe pool of correctly charged aminoacyl-tRNAs that are necessaryfor the translation of genetic information (mRNA) by the ribosome.Each aaRS belongs to either one of only two classes with twodifferent mechanisms of aminoacylation, making use of either the29OH (Class I) or the 39OH (Class II) of the terminal A76 of thetRNA and approaching the tRNA either from the minor groove (29OH)or the major groove (39OH). Here, an asymmetric pattern typical ofdifferentiation is uncovered in the partition of the codonrepertoire, as defined by the mechanism of aminoacylation of eachcorresponding tRNA. This pattern can be reproduced in a uniquecascade of successive binary decisions that progressively reducescodon ambiguity. The deduced order of differentiation is manifestlydriven by the reduction of translation errors. A simple rule can bedefined, decoding each codon sequence in its binary class, therebyproviding both the code and the key to decode it. Assuming that thepartition into two mechanisms of tRNA aminoacylation is a relicthat dates back to the invention of the genetic code in the RNAWorld, a model for the assignment of amino acids in the codon tablecan be derived. The model implies that the stop codon was alwaysthere, as the codon whose tRNA cannot be charged with any aminoacid, and makes the prediction of an ultimate differentiation step,which is found to correspond to the codon assignment of the 22ndamino acid pyrrolysine in archaebacteria.

Granted, this is a few years old, but I often find myself havingto admit that "I don't know" when at the root of discussions onevolution. That is, once abiogenesis has occurred, we can go on andexplain the rich diversity of life, but sadly we really don't knowmuch before that critical step. Generally, those satisfied with"magic" as an answer posit their myths and fables, whereas I'drather try to actually find out what happened. Sadly, as theabstract shows, you actually need a level of education tounderstand papers such as this that is generally well beyond thosewho would deny the reality of evolution.

Does anyone have a collection of papers on abiogenesis that aremore accessible and understandable to laypeople?

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