1. Which of the following structures is intended to maximize the surface area available for gas exchange?
a. Thin membranes lining respiratory organs such as gills and lungs.
b. Multiple infoldings of respiratory surfaces, such as lamellae in gills.
c. Inhaled fresh air is mixed with old air from the previous breathing cycle.
d. Blood circulates in counter current direction to water flow in gills.
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2. The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen changes with pH. What is affecting the pH of the blood?
a. The blood changes its pH based on the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved.
b. The blood changes its pH based on the amount of oxygen dissolved.
c. The pH of the blood is adjusted centrally in the hypothalamus.
d. The pH of the blood is constant and never changes.
1. Which of the following structures is intended to maximize the surface area available for gas exchange?
a. Thin membranes lining respiratory organs such as gills and lungs.
b. Multiple infoldings of respiratory surfaces, such as lamellae in gills.
c. Inhaled fresh air is mixed with old air from the previous breathing cycle.
d. Blood circulates in counter current direction to water flow in gills.
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2. The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen changes with pH. What is affecting the pH of the blood?
a. The blood changes its pH based on the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved.
b. The blood changes its pH based on the amount of oxygen dissolved.
c. The pH of the blood is adjusted centrally in the hypothalamus.
d. The pH of the blood is constant and never changes.
Related textbook solutions
Related questions
1. A blood vessel thatbecomes damaged and increases in diameter will fail because thetension in the walls _____ when compared to the previoulsyundamaged vessel.
A. decreases with anincreased diameter
B.decreases withpressure
C. increases with decreasedvessel thickness
D. decreases with increasedvessel thickness
E. increases with anincreased diameter
2. This nerve controls quiet respiration.
A. intercostalnerve
B. phrenic nerve
C. Diaphragmaticnerve
D.vagus nerve
E. pulmonaryplexus
3. Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobindissociation?
A. lactic acid
B. fever
C. high tissue carbon dioxide
D. low ph
E. blood pressure
4. Surfactant of the lungs is created by
A. Oat cells.
B. lungmacrophages.
C. Type Ipneumocytes.
D. Type IIpneumocytes.
E. Goblet Cells
5. What is the medical termused to describe a lung that is no longer exchanging gases due tothe physical collapse of the alveoli (collpased lung)?
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6. If an individual removesthe surfactant from the lungs by inhaling and then exhaling asubstantial quantity of fresh water, the ____.
| A. alveoli would increase indiameter | ||
| B. alveoli would decrease indiameter | ||
| C. bronchioles would increasein diameter | ||
| D. bronchioles would decreasein diameter | ||
| E. vital capacity wouldincrease | ||
| F. anatomical dead air spacewould increase | ||
7. The chemoreceptors thatbest monitor the affects of respiration are found in
| A. the brainstem. | ||
| B. the carotidbaroreceptor. | ||
| C. the aoritcarch. | ||
| D. the kidney. | ||
| E. the cerbrospinalfluid. | ||
8. Henry's Law deals with
| A. the total pressure of agas being made of the partial pressures of theindividual constituents | ||
| B. the volume of a gas isrelated to the temperature and pressure | ||
| C. the pressure of a gas isdirectly related to its velocity | ||
| D. oxygen binding hemoglobinis temperature dependent | ||
| E. oxygen binding hemoglobinis pH dependent |
9. The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can beinhaled with maximum effort is called
| A. vital capacity. | ||
| B. inspiratory reservevolume. | ||
| C. expiratory reservevolume. | ||
| D. residualvolume. | ||
| E. inspiratorycapacity. |
10. Large amounts of air in the pleural spaces of a lung willcause the lung to collapse because ___________.
| A. the pressure of thetrapped air prevents inflation of the lung | ||
| B. the trapped air will goout a hole called the pnuemothorax | ||
| C. the lung is not longerstuck to the parietal pleural lining | ||
| D. the lung has lostsurfactant | ||
| E. the air will not beabsorbed outside of an alveoli |
11. Most carbon dioxideproduced by cellular metabolism is
| A. carried by the red bloodcells bound to hemoglobin | ||
| B. carried in the bloodplasma as bicarbonate | ||
| C. carried in the red bloodcells as bicarbonate | ||
| D. carried in the plamsa asdissolved gas | ||
| E. carried in the red bloodcell as dissolved gas | ||
12. If I have a blood vessel that doubles in diameter, at the samepressure I would expect about ____ as much blood to go throughit.
| A. 2 times | ||
| B. 4 times | ||
| C. 8 times | ||
| D. 16 times | ||
| E. 32 times | ||
| F. 64 times |
1. Match the word 1-39 above, with the descriptions labled a-t. Word 1-39 can be uses only one please!!
1. alveolar macrophages 2. alveoli 3. Bohr effect 4. bronchi 5. bronchiole 6. cerebral cortex 7. chloride shift 8. compliance 9. costal breathing 10. Daltonâs law 11. diaphragmatic breathing 12. epiglottis 13. eupnea 14. expiratory reserve volume 15. fauces 16. functional residual capacity 17. Haldane effect 18. Henryâs law 19. hilum 20. hypothalamus 21. inferior, middle, and superior nasal meatuses 22. inspiratory capacity 23. larynx 24. limbic system 25. medulla oblongata 26. nose 27. paranasal sinuses 28. pharynx 29. pleural membranes 30. pons 31. primary bronchus 32. secondary bronchus 33. surface tension 34. surfactant 35. terminal bronchiole 36. tertiary bronchus 37. total lung capacity 38. trachea 39. vital capacity
| a) -------------------- serves as a sound resonating chamber; contains tonsils; directs air inferiorly b) ------------------- passes air from pharynx into windpipe; site of sound production c) ------------------ resonate(s) sound; not part of pharynx D) ------------------ opening from oral cavity into pharynx E) ----------------- carries air to a segment of a lung F) -------------------- carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole G) ----------------- surround the lungs H) ------------------ reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange i) -------------------- actual sites of gas exchange j) --------------------- normal, quiet breathing k) ----------------------- shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles l) ------------------ amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall m) ------------------- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600 mL in males n) ----------------- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 4800 mL in males o) ------------------- residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 2400 mL in males p) -------------------- states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility q) ---------------- when pH decreases, O2 saturation of hemoglobin decreases r) ------------------ each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial pressure s) ------------------- sets basic rhythm of breathing t) ------------------------ includes the pontine respiratory group |
