Discuss the variety of ways that natural selection influences the amount of heritable diversity within a species (30 pts). What is YOUR view of the usual effect of natural selection on genetic diversity? In other words, does NS usually increase genetic diversity, or decrease genetic diversity, compared to a neutral model?
Discuss the variety of ways that natural selection influences the amount of heritable diversity within a species (30 pts). What is YOUR view of the usual effect of natural selection on genetic diversity? In other words, does NS usually increase genetic diversity, or decrease genetic diversity, compared to a neutral model?
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In what way did Harlanâs theory give rise to Diamondâs theory?
It recognized agriculture might have developed by different mechanisms in different parts of the world. |
Both make the assumption that hunter-gatherers were (and still are) superior to agriculturists. |
It recognized the reason agriculture did not develop in certain parts of the world was because people lacked the intelligence or skill. |
It is a basic case of scientific plagiarism - Diamonds theory is identical to Harlans theory. |
It recognized that agricultural societies were healthier and better fed than hunter-gatherer societies. What is the difference between classically bred varieties and landraces?
|
Choose the single best answer
The inability of plants to move makes it difficult for them to:
Disperse seeds, defend themselves, and create oxygen. |
Disperse seeds. |
Disperse seeds and defend themselves. |
Create oxygen. |
Defend themselves. |
Vavilov hypothesized that in a crop plant's area of origin we should expect:
Greater diversity for trans-domesticated species, but lower diversity for species domesticated in their area of origin. |
Greater genetic diversity than in areas outside of the plant's area of origin. |
Lower genetic diversity than in areas outside of the plant's area of origin. |
Lower diversity for trans-domesticated species, but greater diversity for species domesticated in their area of origin. |
Greater herbivore damage because of increased genetic diversity. |
What is one type of information that can be gathered by archeologists who are studying dental caries (cavities) of ancient populations?
How many children the person had |
The time of year the person died |
How many conflicts they have been part of |
The types of tools used for planting/harvesting grains |
The type of plants they may have been consuming |
Brussel sprouts, cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower are all different varieties of the same species, Brassica oleracea. This group of plants demonstrates that crop breeding can lead to:
Low within variety and high between variety diversity |
High within variety and low between variety diversity |
Low within variety diversity |
High within variety and high between variety diversity |
High between variety diversity |
The repeated domestication of grasses (i.e., cereals) and legumes across the globe is likely because:
Early technologies allowed early agriculturalists the ability to communicate with each other over long distances to discuss what plants were best for domestication. |
Both already possessed all of the traits needed for domestication |
Both contain almost all of the amino acids our bodies need to build proteins. |
Human populations were often starving, and needed an additional food source |
Only grasses, not legumes, were repeatedly domesticated |
Norman Borlaug won the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize for:
Producing the first transgenic plant. |
His discovery that plant secondary metabolites play a role in defending plants from insects and diseases. |
Creating the FlavrSavr tomato. |
His work to create improved, high yield crop varieties that helped to prevent starvation. |
His discovery of the area of origin for maize. |
______________________ compounds are produced by plants, but are not necessary for the plant's immediate survival. However, they often help protect plants from being eaten.
Which of the following best demonstrates evolution?
A houseplant is moved to a sunnier location and it starts to grow more vigorously. |
Your pet walks to the door when it hears your car in the driveway. |
Over time, a gene for disease resistance becomes more frequent in a population of plants. |
A crop has a higher yield after fertilizer is added. |
A giraffe with a longer neck survives a drought year, while one with a shorter neck does not. |
In discussing the origin of agriculture, the term demographic stress refers to:
Lower productivity of un-cultivated plants due to late-Pleistocene cooling. |
A higher incidence of religious practice in societies following the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. |
The situation where human populations are greater than the carrying capacity of the environment. |
Hobbes's assertion that hunter-gatherer groups did not posses the knowledge or skills to develop agriculture. |
That the stresses on pre-domesticated plant species led to the development of traits that result in the "domestication syndromeâ |
What is the difference between genetically-modified and transgenic crops?
Genetically-modified crops are produced using modern techniques, while transgenic crops are produced through classical breeding. |
Transgenic crops are a type of genetically-modified crops, in which scientists have inserted genes from another species. |
Transgenic crops are illegal, while genetically-modified crops are not. |
They are the same. |
Genetically-modified crops are a type of transgenic crop specifically bred for high yield. |
Random, chance events that change allele frequencies are knownas:
A. Gene flow |
B. Genetic drift |
C. Natural selection |
D. Balancing selection |
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Question 21 pts
What type of selection acts to maintain the two extremephenotypic variants in a population?
A. Disruptive selection |
B. Directional selection |
C. Positive selection |
D. Artificial selection |
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Question 31 pts
Approximately, how much of our DNA is shared with our closestrelatives, chimpanzees?
A. 100% |
B. 98.9% |
C. 88.3% |
D. 75.8% |
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Question 41 pts
The large canines of male baboons are likely the result of________, while the fact that some male baboons are very colorfulis probably the result of _______.
A. Mutation; balancing selection |
B. Gene flow; sexual dimorphism |
C. Male competition; female choice |
D. Mate choice; genetic drift |
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Question 51 pts
Negative assortative mating results in an increased frequency ofhomozygous genotypes within a population.
True |
False |
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Question 61 pts
Genetic evidence suggests that humans and Neandertals neverinterbred.
True |
False |
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Question 71 pts
The specific variant of the FOXP2 gene associated with languageacquisition in humans is found in both humans and Neandertals.
True |
False |
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Question 81 pts
Industrial melanism describes the change in moth color from paleto dark after pollution from factories resulted in coating treetrunks with a layer of dark soot. Which statement is trueconcerning industrial melanism?
A. After pollution levels increased, all moths became darkercolored because soot got on their wings |
B. The dark moths survived better after pollution levelsincreased because they were not poisoned by the pollutants |
C. Individual moths changed their color in response to thepollution |
D. Dark moths were present in the population before pollutionlevels increased |
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Question 91 pts
Patterns of evolution can be seen above the species level
True |
False |
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Question 101 pts
Inbreeding is problematic because it increases the probabilitythat offspring inherit two copies of a recessive mutation thatcauses disease.
True |
False |
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Question 111 pts
As a species, cheetahs seem to have a high risk of extinctionbecause:
A. Gene flow has caused a proliferation of unnecessarygenes. |
B. The species' genetic diversity is very low due to a previouspopulation bottleneck event. |
C. The species has undergone extreme sexual selection in orderfor males to achieve faster running speeds. |
D. Gene flow has been stifled due to an increase in demand forcaptive cheetahs. |
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Question 121 pts
A strand of DNA undergoes mutation. Which mutation occurred?
Original DNA- GGA CTC TTA CCC CAC GGA
Mutated DNA- GGG CTC TTA CCC CAC GGA
A. point mutation |
B. insertion mutation |
C. deletion mutation |
D. inversion mutation |
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Question 131 pts
A change from one nucleotide to another nucleotide is known as awhat?
A. Point mutation |
B. Insertion mutation |
C. Deletion mutation |
D. Inversion mutation |
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Question 141 pts
A change from one nucleotide to another nucleotide is known as awhat?
A. point mutation |
B. insertion mutation |
C. deletion mutation |
D. inversion mutation |
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Question 151 pts
According to the Typological Species Concept, species are:
A. An interbreeding group of organisms |
B. Static entities endowed with fixed properties |
C. A local population of organisms that have similargenes, interbreed, and produce offspring |
D. An exclusive community of gene exchange |
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Question 161 pts
Recognizing reproductive isolation is key to defining speciesunder the Biological Species Concept.
True |
False |
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Question 171 pts
The binomial system of classification was developed by:
A. Darwin |
B. Wallace |
C. Linnaeus |
D. Malthus |
E. None of the above |
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Question 181 pts
A derived trait, unique to a particular taxon within a givencladogram is called:
A. Synapomorphy |
B. Apomorphy |
C. Analogy |
D. Autapomorphy |
E. Symplesiomorphy |
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Question 191 pts
Analogy, and not homology, is useful for reconstructingevolutionary history.
True |
False |
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Question 201 pts
A phylogeny is which of the following:
A. A depiction of an organism's complete genome |
B. A depiction of evolutionary relationships betweenorganisms |
C. The gradual evolution of one species intoanother |
D. The Latin name of an organism including its genus andspecies designation |