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amethystferret39Lv1

28 Sep 2019

10. A mutated form of a proto-oncogene is called:

a) a tumor-inducing gene.

b) a tumor-suppressor gene.

c) an oncogene.

d) an apoptosis gene.

e) an accelerator gene.

7. True/false: A mutation in a single allele of a tumor-suppressor gene is sufficient for a cell to become cancerous. a) true b) false

8. Which of the following would most likely lead to nonhereditary cancer?

a) a single mutation in an egg cell

b) mitosis in a skin cell damaged by UV exposure

c) three mutations in an egg cell

d) apoptosis in a cell damaged by smoking

e) inheriting one mutation from each parent

. Two copies of a gene have identical regulatory sequences, but different coding sequences. These copies can be referred to as _____________.

a) alleles

b) highly similar

c) substitutes

d) low risk

e) high risk

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Related questions

Use this list of gene elements to answer the following questions: (a) Promoter
(b) Exon
(c) Enhancer

(d) Intron
(e) 5â untranslated region

(f) 3â untranslated region

Problem 1. Which of the above gene elements are transcribed? You may choose more than one answer.

Problem 2. Which of the above gene elements are translated? You may choose more than one answer.

Problem 3. Which of the above gene elements are regulatory? You may choose more than one answer.

Problem 4. Which of the above gene elements are coding? You may choose more than one answer.

Problem 6. A mutation occurs in a gene with the following sequence: AAGCT. An example of a deletion mutation in this sequence would be AACT (loss of G). Using AAGCT as your normal sequence, give an example for the following types of mutations

(a) Insertion (b) Transition

Problem 7. A mutation occurs in the coding region of a gene with the following sequence AAGTGC. The translated sequence is Lysine (AAG), Cysteine (TGC). Give an example of following types of mutation using AAGTGC as your normal sequence. Provide the translated sequence caused by the mutation. (Hint: You will need a codon table to translate the sequence)

(a) Synonymous mutation
(b) Non-synonymous missense mutation

Problem 8. Patient 1 has a tumor causing mutation in a pro-growth gene. The mutated protein allows the cell to grow without receiving growth signals from outside the cell. Is the mutated gene an oncogene or a tumor suppressor? Why? Which hallmark is the gene associated with?

Problem 9. Patient 2 has a tumor which contains a loss of function mutation in the P53 gene. How would you determine if it is a somatic or germ line mutation?

Problem 10. Patient 3 has a tumor causing mutation in a gene called telomerase. The function of telomerase is to lengthen the ends of chromosomes. What hallmark is telomerase associated with? Is the mutation gain of function or loss of function? (Hint: to answer this question, you need to understand which hallmark telomere length is associated with)

B__1) Driver mutations provide a growth advantage to a tumor cell. Which type of mutation is known to accumulate in cancer cells but has no direct contribution to the cancer phenotype?

A) alteration mutations B) passenger mutations C) carrier mutations

D) indirect mutations E) insignificant mutations

_A__2) Which of the following general mechanisms appear to be involved in the formation of cancer cells?

A) genomic instability, DNA repair failure, chromatin modifications

B) inversions, operon formation, methylation

C) RNA failure, DNA phosphorylation, phosphorylation of adenyl cyclase

D) transdetermination, mutation, allosteric interactions

E) suppression, tabulation, projection

_A__3) What is the name of the protein that combines with cyclins to exert local control of the cell cycle?

A) cyclin-dependent kinase B) phosphatase C) ATPase D) integrase E) hexokinase

_D__4) A protein functions as a cell-cycle regulator that causes cell death (apoptosis) to a damaged cell. What is the symbol given to this protein?

A) p34 B) p102 C) cyclin D) p53 E) phosphokinase

_A__5) The retinoblastoma protein (pRB), like p53, serves as a(n) ________ in regulating the cell cycle.

A) tumor suppressor B) tumor enhancer C) up regulator D) oncogene E) pseudooncogene

_C__6) Mutant versions of genes that are normally involved in promoting the cell cycle are known as ________.

A) tumor suppressors B) proto-oncogenes C) oncogenes D) malignant genes E) attenuators

_B__7) In sporadic cases of retinoblastoma, how many gene mutations are thought to be necessary in the same cell for a tumor to develop?

A) one B) two C) four D) six

__D_8) What is the name of the protein that appears to regulate the entry of cells into an S phase? This protein is also known as the "guardian of the genome."

A) p34 B) p102 C) cyclin D) p53 E) phosphokinase

Random, chance events that change allele frequencies are knownas:

A. Gene flow

B. Genetic drift

C. Natural selection

D. Balancing selection

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Question 21 pts

What type of selection acts to maintain the two extremephenotypic variants in a population?

A. Disruptive selection

B. Directional selection

C. Positive selection

D. Artificial selection

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Approximately, how much of our DNA is shared with our closestrelatives, chimpanzees?

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The large canines of male baboons are likely the result of________, while the fact that some male baboons are very colorfulis probably the result of _______.

A. Mutation; balancing selection

B. Gene flow; sexual dimorphism

C. Male competition; female choice

D. Mate choice; genetic drift

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Negative assortative mating results in an increased frequency ofhomozygous genotypes within a population.

True

False

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Genetic evidence suggests that humans and Neandertals neverinterbred.

True

False

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The specific variant of the FOXP2 gene associated with languageacquisition in humans is found in both humans and Neandertals.

True

False

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Industrial melanism describes the change in moth color from paleto dark after pollution from factories resulted in coating treetrunks with a layer of dark soot. Which statement is trueconcerning industrial melanism?

A. After pollution levels increased, all moths became darkercolored because soot got on their wings

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C. Individual moths changed their color in response to thepollution

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Patterns of evolution can be seen above the species level

True

False

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Inbreeding is problematic because it increases the probabilitythat offspring inherit two copies of a recessive mutation thatcauses disease.