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The text talks about many different forms of altered states of consciousness. There is the altered consciousness that comes from dreams as well as sleep deprivation. As the text points out body piercing and pain can be an altered state of consciousness too. talk about some of the ways altered states of consciousness are induced in the U.S. What do these experiences mean for people? Are they important and if so why?

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Trinidad Tremblay
Trinidad TremblayLv2
28 Sep 2019

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can anyone help with this really super basic lab? Feel free tomake up data, highschool level information please!

You are NOT limited to the suggested projects listed below.Think up your own unique research project!!

Projects should involve observation/measurement of livingorganisms-plants, animals, fungi, humans. They should be designedto answer a question or to test a hypothesis. Examples ofhypotheses would be; "Plants will grow more if there is morerainfall" Or "Students will get higher grades if they study more."Sample size is important when possible; make multiple measurementsof several individuals. Your project must be something thatproduces DATA that can eventually be graphed. There should be adependent variable and an independent variable. For example,"amount of rainfall" would be an independent variable and "how fastplants grow" the dependent variable.

Projects should take approximately three hours, total, tocomplete, not counting the write up, which will be a separate lab.Detailed instructions on writing your report are attached. Keepyour project simple and manageable. Submit your first project bythe due date for Project 12 (July 7th)**Please make sure that yourassignment gets to me by the due date. You will still be able toupload your assignment after the due date, but it will be marked aslate, and you will lose some points for being late.

A few examples of projects:

Is there a correlation between the size of a dog, and how longit lives? For this you will need about ten dead dogs! Ask aroundamong friends, classmates, family, about dogs that died a naturaldeath. Find out each dog's age at death, and approximate weight. Alarger sample size here would be even better. Can you explain thecorrelation?

Do humans have a physiological response (difference in pulse,blood pressure, etc.) to music? Choose three different categoriesof music, such as classical, folk, rock, or none (silence). Have atleast five people in your study, and measure their pulse (or bloodpressure) both before and after they have listened to the music for5-10 minutes. Graph the increase (or decrease) in their pulse forthe different types of music. GRAPH THE AVERAGE values for yoursubjects, not value for each individual.

Is there a correlation between a person's usual amount of sleep,and how well they perform on memory tasks? Devise a SIMPLE memorytest-it could be just to study a list of twenty random words, andthen to recall as many as possible. Give this test to at least fourpeople who usually get (a) less than 6 hours sleep, (b) 6-7 hourssleep and (c) 8 or more hours. Or, choose your own categories.Amount of sleep is your independent variable (X axis) and AVERAGEscores on the test, the dependent variable. (Y axis). GRAPH THEAVERAGE!

Include ALL relevant observations and information in precisedetail. If possible, include illustrations of your experiment, yoursubjects, your work in progress, etc.

Format for writing your Research Report:
1. Introduction

COLLAPSE

You might have heard not too long ago about a caseinvolving a New Jersey company called Biomedical Tissue Services,which was accused of selling processed body parts from stolencadavers. Bone and tissue from some of these bodies turned up inJoplin, Missouri, and were used in surgeries performed recently inboth of our local hospitals. They have of course turned up in manyother places also.

The body parts processing industry is a largely unknown but verylucrative –and usually legal – industry that takes tissue, bone,tendons, ligaments, heart valves, corneas, and various other bodyparts, processes them, and turns them into products that can beused in various kinds of surgery. Some 20,000 bodies are “processed” in this way in the U.S. each year. Typically, a familywill consent to the donation, and the body is then taken by anon-profit body harvesting foundation. This foundation then passesthe body on to various specialized companies for a token price, andthese companies then harvest the different body parts, and processand sell them to medical supply companies, which then sell them tohospitals. Every one makes a profit in these transactions exceptthe donor and the donor’s family. It is estimated that a singledonor body can generate the raw material for products that sell forup to a total of $220,000.00. If vital organs are included, thebody might generate up to a $1,000,000.00 worth of products. Theethical dilemma I would like you to discuss here concerns thequestion of whether families of donors should be paid for bodyparts donations? Is it fair that others make a handsome profit fromthe sale of body parts, but those who “donate” them don’t? If youthink people or their families should be paid when they donate, doyou feel the same way about vital organs like hearts, lungs,kidneys, etc.?

For your information – and at risk of making this posting overlylong – here is some more information about what body parts can bedonated and how they are used. Cadaver skin is used both for burnvictims and in cosmetic surgery, and skin from a single donor canbe turned into product that can be sold for several tens ofthousands of dollars. Tendons and ligaments are of course used inknee and joint surgery and they can cost patients thousands ofdollars each. Corneas can fetch $2400.00 per pair. A heart valvecosts around $7000.00. One catalogue lists 650 body parts productsthat can be purchased. Separate bones are harvested, and bones arealso fashioned into various sizes and shapes, and ground down topowder form and used in bone paste, screws, wedges, and putty.Products are typically freeze dried or frozen so that they canremain useable for up to five years after harvesting.

U.S. law requires that body parts be harvested only from donorswho have signed consent forms. There is also rigorous medicaltesting that is required, including screening for HIV, Hepatitus Band C, and syphilis. Needless to say, none of this testing was doneon the cadavers stolen by Biomedical Tissue Services. This companyis now out of business and its former owner, Michael Mastromarino,is in jail. Surely, we all agree that what Mastromarino’s companydid was wrong, but what do you think of the larger question? Whencompanies make hundreds of thousands of dollars from donated bodyparts, is it fair that the donors and their families getnothing?

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