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(TCO 9) Which of the following statements concerning the chemical structure of an antibody is incorrect? (Points : 2)

Antibodies are formed of four polypeptide chains.

The stem and arm are connected by a hinge.

Antibodies have two long peptide chains known as heavy chains.

The heavy and light chains are connected by hydrogen bonds.

Antibodies have two short peptide chains known as light chains.

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Reid Wolff
Reid WolffLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Select the true statements regarding antibody (specifically, immunoglobulin G) structure. Both the Fab and Fc fragments contain constant domains. Both the Fab and Fc fragments have variable domains. The antigen-binding site is formed as a combination of variable domains from one heavy and one light chain. The antigen-binding site is located in the Fc fragment. The heavy and light chains are linked by noncovalent and disulfide bonds.

1. The side chain of tyrosine is considered to be polar because even though it is reminiscent of phenylalanine it also has two types of atoms that have large differences in electronegativity with asymmetry at the terminus.

a.) True

b.) False

2. Which of these changes in primary structure will be certain to cause a loss of protein activity?

a.) Asp to Glu

b.) His to Lys

c.) Trp to Ser

d.) Gly to Pro

e.) Not enough information is given since any one of these changes could be severe depending on the context of the situation

3.The difference between fetal and adult hemoglobin with regard to oxygen binding occurs because fetal hemoglobin has an amino acid substitution in one of its chains that results in a histidine (adult version) being replaced by a serine (fetal version).

a.) True

b.) False

4. What will likely happen if the side chains of aspartate and histidine at pH 5 are next to each other in a polypeptide chain?

a.) The side chains of these amino acids will be uncharged and there will be no electrostatic effect.

b.) The side chains of these amino acids will be charged and they will attract each other.

c.) The side chains of these amino acids will be charged and they will repel each other.

d.) Not enough information is given to determine the effect.

5. A beta pleated sheet:

a.) can occur between two different polypeptide chains
b.) can be formed by either intramolecular or intermolecular hydrogen bonds
c.) can only form when cysteines form disulfide bridges within this structure
d.) forms when side chains of D and E attract each other
e.) both a and b

True / False Questions

01. _____ Antibody is composed of 2identical long heavy chains and 2 identical shorter lightchains.

02. _____ Variable (V) and constant(C) regions are part of both heavy and light chains.

03. _____ Variable regions for heavyand light chains from the same antibody molecule are alwaysidentical.

04. _____ Variable region of lightchains are encoded by the DNA sequences that contain rearranged V,D, and J segments.

05. _____ Fc part of the antibody isnot important, F(ab’)2 fragment has the same binding andeffector capacity.

06. _____ Fab fragments are generatedby alternative splicing.

07. _____ J chain is used as asurrogate light chain during pre-B cell receptor testing forsuccessful V(D)J rearrangement.

08. _____ Binding of the antigen byantibody is stabilized by disulfide bonds.

09. _____ RAG1/2 are always expressedin B cells at high level, because B cells need RAG1/2 to constantlyrearrange their V regions.

10. _____ “N” (non template)nucleotides are added by TdT.

11. _____ The 12/23 rule is appliedduring class switching.

12. _____ For B cells, V(D)Jrecombination occurs only in the bone marrow.

13. _____ The process of somatichypermutation helps to improve specificity of the antibody.

14. _____ In late pro-B cells, Vsegment is rearranged with DJ segments.

15. _____ Failure to eliminateself-reactive B cells may lead to serious autoimmune diseases.

16. _____ Mature, naïve B cellsexpress IgD and any of the other classes of antibody (IgM, IgG,IgA, or IgE) on their surfaces.

17. _____ B1 cells are present in theperitoneal cavity, pleural spaces and brain.

18. _____ AID (activation inducedcytidine deaminase) is expressed only in B cells and it canintroduce breaks in double stranded DNA.

19. _____ Different classes (isotypes)of antibodies have different effector functions, which aretriggered by special receptors expressed by a variety of cells.

20. _____ Plasma cells are terminallydifferentiated cells that produce large quantities ofantibodies.

21. _____ Repeated exposure to thesame antigen eventually leads to immunological exhaustion and lackof immunity, because there is no room for new plasma cells in thebone marrow.

22. _____ Germinal centers arespecialized sites within the bone marrow where Ig genes ofactivated B cells undergo affinity maturation.

23. _____ B cells can present antigensto T helper cells.

24. _____ Co-stimulatory molecules arerequired for efficient generation of memory B cells.

25. _____ Lymphocytes migrate to thelymphoid tissues in response to chemokines.

26. _____ Class switching duringgerminal center reaction is a random process.

27. _____ T cell independent responsescan generate strong and long lasting B cell memory.

28. _____ Fc receptors that arepresent on many different cell types are crucial for removal of thepathogens.

29. _____ The ideal vaccine should bedesigned to mimic the natural course of infection without causingsymptoms of the disease.

30. _____ The protective immunity canbe generated against any pathogen because there is virtuallyunlimited number of possible V regions, thus any antigen can berecognize by an antibody.

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