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Science andthe Environment (Environmental Science)

1. Cite fourglobal trends that indicate the health of Planet Earth issuffering.

2. Give somereasons for the existence scientific controversies, and carefullydistinguish between sound science and junk science.

3. Whatconcepts lie behind each of the unifying themes: sound science,sustainability, and stewardship?

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Jean Keeling
Jean KeelingLv2
29 Sep 2019

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Question1.1. Accidental alterationsduring DNA replication that give rise to variations in organismsare __________. (Points : 1)
adaptive traits
mutations
symbioses
random distributions
Question2.2. The largest reservoir ofcarbon in the carbon cycle is comprised of _________. (Points :1)
freshwater systems andoceans
plants and animals
sedimentary rock andfossil fuels
atmosphere
Question3.3. The principle of utility________. (Points : 1)
holds that any naturalresource should be available for use in manufacturing
holds that something isright when it produces the greatest benefit for the greatest numberof people
is not an ethicalstandard
cannot be used toestimate the value of natural resources
Question4.4. The two processes thatdetermine current biodiversity on a global scale are __________.(Points : 1)
allopatric speciation andimmigration
mutation and habitatselection
mutation and globalclimate change
extinction andspeciation
Question5.5. The conservation ethicholds that we should ________. (Points : 1)
exploit natural resourcesfor economic gain regardless of sustainability
be prudent and efficientin the use of natural resources
consider the environmentthe ultimate servant of mankind
maintain the environmentin a pristine, unaltered state
Question6.6. The preservation ethicholds that we should ________. (Points : 1)
be responsible for wisemanagement while using natural resources
protect areas againstdevelopment while allowing public access
harvest naturalresources
maintain the naturalenvironment in a pristine, unaltered state
Question7.7. Trophic levels and foodchains diagram __________. (Points : 1)
logistic curves
energy flow in anecosystem
population density
natural resourcefluctuations
Question8.8. A hypothesis is ________.(Points : 1)
a prediction
an educated guess thatexplains a phenomenon or answers a question
an instrument that isused to examine environmental conditions
the design of anexperiment that can be used for the process of science
Question9.9. A biocentric view of theworld emphasizes ________. (Points : 1)
the role of corporationsin environmental law
the importance ofconsidering environmental impacts on all living things
the importance ofeconomics in environmental decisions
the dual-natured view ofhumans and animals as environmental controls
Question10.10. Malthus was responsiblefor ________. (Points : 1)
the book The PopulationBomb that described the disastrous effects of human populationgrowth
the idea that theincrease in human population would lead to famine and war
the concept that humanpopulation growth would lead to greater industry and prosperitythrough education
instituting fertilizeruse for agriculture
Question11.11. Ecology is ________.(Points : 1)
the study of how to solveenvironmental problems
the study of organismsand their interactions with each other and the environment
a subfield ofenvironmentalism
the study of the E. colifamily of bacteria
Question12.12. The scientific processis based on ________. (Points : 1)
observations thatresearchers keep in a scientific journal
testing hypotheses builton observation, and revising them based on results
intuitive understandingof natural laws and processes
the ancient writings ofHeraclitus
Question13.13. Which of the followingis an abiotic factor? (Points : 1)
Amphibians
Wood
Mammals
Water
Question14.14. In environmentalscience, "carrying capacity" means the ___________. (Points :1)
maximum population sizethat a given environment can sustain
average number of viableoffspring produced within a population
potential number ofspecies in a given area
limitation on the numberof species in an ecosystem
Question15.15. The Cuyahoga River madepeople aware of environmental problems because __________. (Points: 1)
people in manycommunities became sick when using water from the river
the drinking water inelementary schools near the river became contaminated
the river caught onfire
the river stoppedsupporting any plant or animal life
Question16.16. The conversion processwhere nitrogen gas combines with hydrogen to form ammonium ions,which is accomplished through the intense energy of lightening orwhen air in the top layer of soil comes into contact with certainbacteria, is known as ________. (Points : 1)
the carbon cycle
nitrogen fixation
ionic conversation
bacterial ionization
Question17.17. The fresh water wedepend on for survival accounts for approximately __________ of allwater on Earth. (Points : 1)
two-thirds
one-third
10%
3%
Question18.18. A paradigm is ________.(Points : 1)
a group of severalhypotheses that can be tested together
a dominant view inscience
the same as ahypothesis
synonymous with thescientific method
Question19.19. The degree of disorderin a substance, system, or process is called ________. (Points :1)
chaos
entropy
energy
electricity
Question20.20. A population is definedas ___________. (Points : 1)
a group of individuals ofmultiple, interacting species that live in a particular area
a group of similarspecies that inhabit various ecosystems
a group of individuals ofa single species inhabiting a particular area
(crude birth rate +immigration rate) - (crude death rate - emigration rate)
1. Biological specimens such as urine, stool and saliva samples can be useful for identifying all of the following, except
A risk factors for disease
B characteristics associated with having the disease
C blood pressure
D presence of disease
2. Abstracts provide a glimpse into the content of an article?
A true
B false
3. Acquisition of evidence for improving clinical and public health practices and policies is an example of a societal benefit of health research?
A true
B false
4. Population health research objectives may include:
A identifying and classifying new health problems
B determining risk factors
C evaluating the impact of health policies on health outcomes
D al of the above
5. All of the following are examples of tests of physiological function, except:
A spirometry
B electrocardiography
C audiometry
D all of the above
6. Which is not an example of population based research?
A compare rates of acure lung disease in several metropolitan areas and see whether the rates of disease are correlated with local air quality
B determine whether survival following breast cancer diagnosis is linked to the presencw of certain genes
C conduct a vaccine trial
D analyze biochemical composition of selected foods
7. Health researchers examine all of the following factors that contribute to health and to disease illness disability and death except:
A developmental
B socioeconomic
C biological
D environmental
8. ____ is physiological measurements that can be accurately taken after minimal instruction.
A anthropometry
B basic vital signs
C clinical examinations
D biological specimens
9. Population based studies are typically conducted using:
A human subjects
B animals
C research facilities
D none of the above
10. The process of systematically and carefully investigating a subject in order to learn or discover new information about the world is known as?
A epidemiology
B health
C research
D none of the above
11. When identifying specific exposures diseases and populations of interest identifying relevant statistics is not helpful.
A true
B false
12. Which of the following is not an example of an adittional assessment that can be conducted as a way to supplement self reported information during the data collection process?
A vital signs
B test of physiological function
C physical fitness tests
D surveys
13. To look for a health science abstract in PubMed one an use all of the following search methods except:
A keywords
B meSH terms
C Boolean operators
D reprise operators
14. When conducting anthropometric measurements, there is no need for the researcher to ensure that the methods used to take these measurements are standardized
A true
B false
15. There is no need to read the full article if the abstract is available.
A true
B false
16. Which of the following is not an example of an examination a clinician can conduct to examine many health states that machines are unable to assess well?
A breath sounds and other respiratory functions
B heart sounds
C heart rate
D the condition of the skin hair and nails
17. Which is not a step in the research process?
A identify a study question
B select a study approach
C report study findings
D all of the above
18. A paragraph length summary of an article chapter or book is known as a
A abstract
B summary
C review
D database
19. Health science abstracts usually provide a brief description of
A study design
B the study populatio
C key findings of the study
D all of the above
20. The goal of every research project is to find and address gaps in the literature and to build on precious work.
A true
B false
21. Which is not an example of laboratory research?
A compare tests of air quality in several metropolitan areas
B identify biological mechanisms for the emergence of drug resistant bacteria
C use a food frequency questionnaire to examine dietary behaviors in a selected population
D develop a new vaccine
22. If clinical examinations are conducted as part of the data collection process an assessment form should carefully describe each component of the examination procedure to be used and diagnostic procedure for each item on the assessment form
A true
B false
23. ____ is the measurement of the size/composition of the human body
A anthropology
B vital signs
C clinical examinations
D biological specimens
24. Health research is considered to be a scientific process only.
A true
B false
25. The goal of any one research project is to contribute vast amount of information that when pooled with other researchers information will provide evidentiary foundation for change
A true
B false
26. Which is an example of health abstract databases available from libraries via subscription
A embase
B ISI web of science
C MEDLINE
D all of the above
27. All of the following are examples of anthropometric measurements except:
A height
B waist circumference
C skinfold measurements
D blood pressure
28. All of the following are good sources of information that a researcher can use to explore what his primary area of research interest is except:
A fact sheets
B newspapers
C popular magazines
D all of the above
29. Which of the following is the most important publicly available health science database?
A Psyninfo
B ISI web of science
C PubMed
D CINAHL

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