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Why do some materials work for large-diameter vascular grafts but fail in small-diameter applications. (Example: Dacron and ePTFE can be used for large-diameter vascular grafts, but fail in small-diameter applications).

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Casey Durgan
Casey DurganLv2
29 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1.

What is a caveolae?

A) “Bubbles” found on the surface of the plasma membrane
B) Small invaginations of the plasma membrane
C) Invaginations of the rough ER
D) Specialized vesicles

2.

Using Figure 1, how many ways can estrogen signaling beinitiated in vascular endothelial cells (ECS)?

A) One
B) Four
C) Three
D) Two

3.

What was one of the results scientists found after activation ofthe membrane-bound estrogen receptor?

A) Vascular protective effects
B) Accelerated cancerous growth in breast tissue
C) Stimulation of cell division in breast/uterine tissue
D) Accelerated cancerous growth in uterine tissue

4.

Using the description of Fig. 1, how do ligand-activatedtranscription factors function?

A) They are membrane bound receptors that bind estrogen as aligand.
B) They are imported into the nucleus as dimers afterligand-binding and then help initiation transcription.
C) None of these are correct.
D) They are always bound to the DNA, but require ligand binding tofunction.

5.

What is one result of estrogen binding a membrane-bound estrogenreceptor in vascular tissue, thereby activating the rapid,non-nuclear signaling pathway?

A) Decreased cell growth
B) Decreased cell migration
C) Production of nitric oxide

6.

The membrane-bound estrogen receptor is located________________.

A) somewhere in the membrane (i.e., researchers do not know theanswer)
B) as a transmembrane protein
C) on the intracellular leaflet of the membrane
D) on the extracellular leaflet of the membrane

7.

The timing of estrogen therapy during menopause in women mayaffect the role estrogen plays in the cardiovascular system.

A) True
B) False

8.

What ligand is used in this study to activate the membrane-boundestrogen receptor?

A) A G-protein
B) Estrogen dendimer conjugate (EDC)
C) Nitric oxide
D) 17b-Estrogen

9.

Does estrogen dendimer conjugate (EDC) activate estrogenreceptors that are non-membrane bound (i.e., cytoplasmic ornuclear)?

A) No
B) Yes

10.

The ligand EDC causes cell migration and proliferation in whichof the following tissues? (Check all that apply)

A) Vascular (i.e., vessel) tissue
B) Ovarian tissue
C) Breast tissue
D) Uterine tissue

Help with Biology. Ive got some of the answers just need somehelp with others and see if what i have is good too.

Effect of enzyme concentration.

Ballon Diameter: (circumference):

TUBE 1: 15.5 cm

TUBE 2: 13.8 cm

TUBE 3: 8.8 cm

What is the enzyme in the experiment? What is the substrate?

Do you expect more enzyme activity if the substrateconcentration is increased or decreased? Explain. The moresubstrate you increase or decrease will cause the enzyme activityto increase or decrease up to a certain point. If you add to itthen it has more molecules to act upon. If you add enough substrateand all the enzymes are being used then it would reach a pointwhere there would be no further activity.

Effect of temperature.

Tube:

Refridgerator:

Temperature (0C): 16 degrees celcius

Ballon Diameter (cm): 17.1 cm

Room Temperature:

Temperature (0C): 28 degrees celcius

Ballon Diameter (cm): 17.1 cm

Boiling Water:

Temperature (0C): 83 degrees celcius

Ballon Diamter (cm): 6.9 cm

What is the enzyme in the experiment? What is the substrate?

How does temperature affect enzyme function? An increase intemperature results in more kinetic energy of the enzyme andsubstrate. It is more likely to collide with the enzyme for areaction to take place. To much heat however can cause the bondswhich holds the enzyme in the very specific shape to break and itwill no longer function (denatured).

What is the function of amylase? What does amylase do to starch?Amylase is a digestive enzyme that acts on starch in food, itbrakes down the starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules. Amylaseis made in two places the salivary glands in your mouth whichstarts the digestive process by breaking down the starch in foodsas you chew and convert that into maltose a smaller carbohydrate.The other place is in the pancrease which completes the digestivecarbohydrate, producing glueclose, a small molecule absorbed intothe blood and carried throughout the body.

Why did you wait 5 minutes before spraying with IKIsolution?

Saliva does not contain amylase until babies are about twomonths old. How could this affect digestion? (Hint: babies do noeat cereal until about 2 months old.) Amylase is needed fordigestion of starches and complex carbohydrates, this makes thefood for babies to not be digested and possibly pass right throughthe babies system and into a diaper. It can also lead to gas andconstipation for the baby. In the case of a high protein food itcould even cause problems with a babies underdeveloped kidneys.Babies are not usually able to eat solid foods until they are 4 to6 months old.

Please rephrasethese sentences:

Genetic modification / engineering
Cloning gives parents the opportunity to choose whatcharacteristics they want their children to have. For instance, theparents want their child to have Albert Einstein’s IQ. Theextraordinary athleticism of Michael Jordan.

Some scientists think human cloning is a good matter becausehuman being can control their evolvement, so that we can ‘create’more artists, athletes, and scientists. If we can choose in thisway, we can enhance human’s achievement.

The healthiness of infants

Cloning can eliminate all the worrying regarding the child’shealth. Scientist can alter the genes to ensure a healthy child.For example, if a mother has given birth to 2 children whichsuffered from Down’s syndrome. Doctors can manipulate and balanceout the number of chromosomes in the embryo to give the mother anormal and healthy child.

Better understanding of genetic diseases

Scientists and ethicists who favor human cloning research arguethat cloning may provide a better understanding of the nature ofgenetic diseases and aid in the production of embryos from whichcells could be obtained to grow various organs for organtransplant.

Help improve lives

The cloning of genetic modified animals can have certainmedical, agricultural and industrial applications. For example,genetically modified cattle can produce milk with certain drugsinside in mass production.
The fundamental criterion of medical science must be the defenceand promotion of the integral good of the human person, in keepingwith that unique dignity which is ours by virtue of ourhumanity.
Human cloning (including the cloning of embryos) has stirredcontroversy in the society since the success in cloning of Dolly inJuly, 97 in Roslin Institude, Ireland.
So, what are the pros and cons of cloning? Will it lead to theextinction of human or improve our lives? What are the religiousperspectives toward cloning? Let us start discussing its ethicalproblems by its advantages first.

Federal statistics show that in vitro fertilization and relatetechnologies have a success rate of less than 20%. Hence cloningmay provide en efficient solution to infertility. This is the keypoint that advocates argue for cloning. Cloning is believed to besolving the problem of infertility. Women that are infertile canhave their own babies with the help of this technique by implantingthe cloned embryos into their bodies. This can eliminate the mentaland physical pains among the infertile couples.
Provide organs for transplantation
pig livers can be transplant to a patient which suffers from liverfailure but there is no human liver available. In this case, thepig liver can be transplanted to the patient temporarily until hecan find a suitable human liver.

The opponents think that this will deprive the human value,because the child is born on purpose, that’s to rescue other’slife. The child will become the equipment of therapy
Despite the painful circumstances, the only way to treat this casemorally is to let the patient dies, not to clone another child.

Therapeutic applications of stem cells potentially could treatillnesses including: Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’sdisease, stroke, heart attack, multiple sclerosis, blood, bone andbone marrow ailments, severe burns by providing skin grafts, spinalcord injuries, and cancer patients who have lost cells and tissueto radiation and chemotherapy.

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