How does the protein product (beta-lactamase) of the Amp-R gene confer resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin? Find the specific mechanism of ampicillin resistance for bacteria expressing beta-lacamase via pUC19.
How does the protein product (beta-lactamase) of the Amp-R gene confer resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin? Find the specific mechanism of ampicillin resistance for bacteria expressing beta-lacamase via pUC19.
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The introductory passage explains that Vibrio cholerae bacteria may benefit from being able to obtain genes from their prey. What would be the best way to test whether they can benefit within one week of exposure to prey with a gene that confers resistance to ampicillin, an antibiotic that is commonly used in microbiology laboratories? Choose all of the steps that you should include.
Transfer V. cholerae that have been exposed for one week to prey with the resistance gene to medium with ampicillin. |
Transfer V. cholerae that have been exposed for one week to prey lacking the resistance gene to medium with ampicillin. |
Set up V. cholerae cultures that are resistant to ampicillin and allow them to grow for a week in the presence of prey with the resistance gene on medium that does not contain ampicillin. |
Set up V. cholerae cultures that are susceptible to ampicillin and allow them to grow for a week in the presence of prey that have the resistance gene on medium that does not contain ampicillin. |
Set up V. cholerae cultures that are susceptible to ampicillin and allow them to grow for a week in the presence of prey lacking the resistance gene on medium that does not contain ampicillin. |
Set up V. cholerae cultures that are susceptible to ampicillin and allow them to grow for a week in the presence of prey lacking the resistance gene on medium that contains ampicillin. |
Set up V. cholerae cultures that are susceptible to ampicillin and allow them to grow for a week in the presence of prey that have the resistance gene on medium that contains ampicillin. |
Set up V. cholerae cultures that are resistant to ampicillin and allow them to grow for a week in the presence of prey lacking the resistance gene on medium that does not contain ampicillin. |
Recognize the following major structures and know how changing the structure will effect the activity (if we discuss any):
Penicillins, Cephalosporins
1. What is the mechanism of action for penicillins and cephalosporins? Is it bactericidal or bacteriostatic? What are the side effects?
2. What is the common structural feature of all penicillins and which is the functional group that is modified?
3. What are the common problems associated with natural pencillins?
4. What does hypersensitivity have to do with chemical reactivity?
5. What is the major mechanism for resistance with the penicillins? List two other mechanisms.
6. What is the structural change that we make to instill beta lactamase resistance? This reduces the activity of these penicillins, what are the three undesirable characteristics. Consider nafcillin as the prototypes. What advantage do oxacillin & dicloxacillin have over nafcillin?
7. What is the normal spectrum of susceptible organisms for pen V, limited (methicillin), broad (ampicillin) and extended (carbenicillin) spectrum penicillins?
Class/Spectrum | Gram (+) coverage | Gram (-) coverage | Beta-lactamase resistant | other |
Pen V/traditional | + | - (weak) | - | |
Methacillin-like/limited or narrow | ||||
Carbenicillin/extended | Inc. pseudomonas | |||
Ampicillin/Broad |