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1-What is the germ theory of disease?

2-What are Koch’s postulates?

3-What are the three major barriers to pathogens?

4-What are the 3 major parts of innate immunity and how does each work?

5-What are the two major parts of adaptive immunity and how does each work?

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Nestor Rutherford
Nestor RutherfordLv2
29 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1. A) What are the main differences between innate and adaptive immunity? B) On which type of immunity do vaccines work?

2. A) What is the difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity? B) Give an example of each: adaptive cell-mediated immunity, innate cell-mediated immunity, adaptive humoral immunity and innate humoral immunity

Distinguish innate and adaptive immunity, including the cells and receptors involved in each response, the timing of each response and the types of antigens recognized. How is adaptive immunity dependent on the innate response? What specific cells link the two responses to pathogens?

30. Microbe-Human Interactions.

a. Define pathogen, disease, normal flora. Under what conditions might a normal flora organism cause disease.

b. What parts of the body should stay absolutely sterile under normal circumstances.

c. How are Koch’s postulates used.

d. Define communicable, non-communicable, acute, chronic, endemic, epidemic, pandemic,

symptomatic, asymptomatic, and subclinical.

e. For a disease to be spread, there must be a reservoir, mode of transmission, and portal of entry.

f. For humans, what is the most significant reservoir.

g. Define : direct contact, droplet transmission, indirect contact, vehicle transmission, arthropod vectors

h. For a microorganism to cause disease, it typically must attach to host tissue, overcome the host defense, and cause tissue damage.What structures are used for attachment.What are some ways in which microorganisms overcome the host immune system.What distinguishes exotoxins from endotoxin.

31. Immune Defenses.

a. What are the major elements of the first, second, and third lines of defense.

b. What are the steps of phagocytosis and inflammation? What are the 3 complement pathways?

c. Which lines of defense are considered specific? Which are considered non-specific?

d. There are two major types of specific immunity, humoral and cell-mediated.

e. Humoral immunity involves B cells and antibodies. What are the major classes and activities of antibodies.

f. Cell mediated immunity involves T cells. What are 2 major types of T cells? What are their activities.

32. Staphylococcus aureus.

a. Gram positive cocci in grape-like clusters.

b. Skin infections (scalded skin syndrome, impetigo) (many other types of infection are also possible).

33. Streptococcus pyogenes.

a. Gram positive cocci in chains.

a. Strep throat, skin/wound infections (impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis “flesh eating disease”), scarlet fever (other types of infection are also possible)

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