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17 Feb 2019

Compare and contrast the adaptations of C4 plants and CAM plants that evolved to circumvent photorespiration. Give an example of common C4 and CAM plants.

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Sixta Kovacek
Sixta KovacekLv2
18 Feb 2019
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Related questions

1)CO2 concentration mechanism...so what is it? (please keep it short, and explain how C4 concentrates CO2)

2)List one reason why photorespiration might be bad and two reasons why it might be good.

3)What will happen to the efficiency of CO2 fixation for C3/C4 if we increase CO2 concentration?

4)How can plants do C4 without Kranz anatomy?

There are two types of plants C3 and C4 plants. In C3plants, Ribulose bisphosphate can fix carbon as explained in thismodule leading to the formation of 3- Phosphoglycerate andeventually formation of sugar through the Calvin cycle. Ribulosebisphosphate is also able to catalyze the reaction in which oxygenis transformed into glycolate which eventually forms CO2 (a processcalled photorespiration). Therefore, in C3 plants, oxygen andcarbon dioxide compete for RuBP. In C4 plants, carbon dioxideinitially reacts with phosphoenol pyruvate to make malate andoxaloacetate. The products of this reaction are then able to travelto an inner compartment of the leaf that contains RuBP and sugar iseventually made. Since RuBP is contained in an inner compartment,oxygen is not able to react with it.

(1) Why are C4 plants able to continue photosynthesiseven at low CO2 levels.

(2) Would you expect the greenhouseeffect (an increase in CO2 content of the atmosphere) to have agreater effect on C3 or C4 plants? Why?

The process of carbon fixation has been an area of enhanced interest and research in the last decade or so

A. Why is that? Elaborate

B. For C3 plants, provide the following: a summary equation for each of the three stages of the Calvin cycle and then one summary equation for the entire process of the cycle.

C. What is the inefficiency that is inherent in the first stage of rthe Calvin cycle, due to an issue associated with the enzyme rubisco? Explain

D. C4 and CAM plants do not have the inefficnecy. Why not? How do they avoid the inefficiency? Explain?

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