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17 Oct 2018

Looking at the diagrams of a âeukaryotic protein-coding geneâ and a âprokaryotic operonâ what major step of the central dogma is NOT see in the prokaryotic example? How does this relate to general lack of organelles in prokaryotes?

Diagrams are here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene

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Lelia LubowitzLv2

18 Oct 2018

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LAB MODULE: BASIC MICROSCOPY â STUDY HELP

The information in this document is helpful in preparing for the Basic Microscopy Pre-Lab Quiz on Canvas and the Basic Microscopy quiz on Late Nite Labs.

Instructions:

â¢ Go to your Late Nite Labs course site and click on the Basic Microscopy link. The lab manual content will appear on the right side of the screen.

â¢ PRINT and READ all of the information found in the Basic Microscopy lab manual.

â¢ Use the information to answer the following questions.

Questions

â¢ Fill in the remainder of the chart.

Objective Lens	Objective Magnification	Ocular Magnification	Total Magnification
Scanning	4X	10X	40X
Low Power	10X	10X
High Power	40X	10X
Oil Immersion	100X	10X

â¢ Do all organisms consist of more than one cell?

â¢ What is the structural and functional unit of living things? In other words, what is considered the basic building block of LIFE?

â¢ What three structures are found in the cells of ALL organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic? You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all three structures. Note: plasma membrane = cell membrane

â¢ List the major differences in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Include the location of genetic material in a eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cell.

â¢ List the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell that are not found in a prokaryotic cell. You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all of these.

â¢ In eukaryotic cells, genetic information is found in the form of DNA. Is this true for prokaryotic cells?

â¢ Are flagella and cell walls unique to eukaryotes? Why or why not?

â¢ The __________is the part of a cell that allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell and protects the cell from its environment.

â¢ The__________is a substance that contains all of the dissolved and suspended ions and other molecules needed to keep the cell alive.

â¢ A__________is an organelle that serves as the site of photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell.

â¢ Some organisms have cells that contain a__________that gives the cell a more structured shape and strengthens the cell by osmotic pressure.

â¢ Describe dark field microscopy.

â¢ Describe phase contrast microscopy.

â¢ Why do scientists use dark field microscopy and phase contrast microscopy when studying prokaryotic cells?

â¢ How does phase contrast microscopy help scientists visualize difficult specimens?

â¢ Fill in the remainder of the chart. The organisms studied during this lab are: Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria.

Structure	Function	Organisms Studied
Plasma Membrane		Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria
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Nucleus	Contains the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell
Chloroplast		Spirogyra
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centrioles and motor proteins

microtubules and motor proteins

actin filaments and motor proteins

actin filaments and microtubules

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Why is water considered a polar molecule?

The negatively charged oxygen atom attracts the positively charged hydrogen atoms.

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Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotes have cells while eukaryotes do not.

Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.

Prokaryotes are generally larger than eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes are not able to carry out aerobic respiration, relying instead on anaerobic metabolism.

Which of the following is not a necessary component of life?

needs energy

uses DNA for heredity

breathes oxygen

irritability

depends on other living forms

Lipids _____.

contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates

are made by dehydration reactions

are insoluble in water

contain sulfur polymers

are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and nitrogen

What is biology?

the study of life

the study of genetics

the study of biomes

the study of the environment

the naming and classifying of species

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With what are saturated fats saturated?

Beryllium's atomic mass is 9, and its atomic number is 4. How many neutrons are found in a beryllium atom?

This question is related to Biophysical Chemistry-College level

Luciferase is a protein that produces light. It is responsible for the glow of fireflies, for example, but also for the bioluminiscence of Florida's space coast and Indian River in the summer. The wonderful chemistry behind this protein is briefly explained on the protein data bank (http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/101/motm.do?momID=78) and in more detail on wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luciferase).

Here we will look at the structure of a bacterial luciferase, pdb entry 1LUC; use VMD (on your own computer) to answer the following questions.

A. Describe the structure of the protein. How many chains are there? What is the fold (shape) of the protein? Are there any disulfide bonds?

B. What kind(s) of helices does the protein have?

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D. Are there any cis peptide bonds? If so, give the chain and residue names + numbers.

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