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13 Dec 2018

Respond about urine concentration to the following situations:

a) COMPARE the urine concentration of a normal person to the urine concentration of the patient with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion AND EXPLAIN why a difference in urine concentration from normal occurs or does not occur in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

b) COMPARE the urine concentration of a normal person to the urine concentration of the patient with diabetes insipidus AND EXPLAIN why a difference in urine concentration from normal occurs or does not occur in diabetes insipidus.

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Bunny GreenfelderLv2

15 Dec 2018

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Related questions

A.What happened to the following as the afferent radius increased?

- glomerular pressure

- glomerular filtration rate

- urine volume

B. If the efferent radius increased and the afferent radius stayed the same, would you see different or the same effects? Why?

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- glomerular pressure

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F. If the body was not able to regulate glomerular filtration rate, what kind of problems would occur because of this increase in pressure?

G. Define renal autoregulation.

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chocolatecat131

Part B - Urine concentration in the kidney

The figure shows how urine concentration occurs in the nephron,the functional unit of the vertebrate kidney.

Active Transport, Passive Transport, Filtrate, Urea, NaCl,Osmosis, Medulla

1. The kidney's ability to cocentrate urine depends on themaintenance of an osmolarity gradient between interstitial of twostructures: the cortex and

2. This osmolarity gradient is maintained by both the passivetransport and the active transport of

3. The osmolarity gradient is also maintained by the passivetransport of

4. Water responds to the osmolarity gradient bymoving from anarea of a lower solute concentration to an area of a higher soluteconcentartion-this process is called

5. Osmosis does not require enery. For this reason, osmosis is aform of

6. The loss of water fromthe result in urine that is highly concentrated.

indigoeagle915

Amanda Richards is a 20-year-old junior in college. She is majoring in biology and hopes someday to be a pediatrician. Beginning about a month ago, Amanda noticed that she was waking up once, sometimes twice a night, by the need to go to the bathroom. More recently, she has noticed that she needs to go to the bathroom during her school day much more frequently than before, sometimes as often as once every hour. At first Amanda thought that her increased frequency of urination was due to the coffee she drank, but when she reduced her coffee consumption to one cup in the morning, she still needed to go to the bathroom just as often. In addition, Amanda was buying bottled water by the case, and she found herself never without a beverage in her hand or nearby. She also noticed that her urine seemed pale and colorless. When Amanda told her mother of her problem, her mother became very concerned and arranged for Amanda to see the family physician. Her physician found no abnormalities on physical examination. However, a blood chemistry profile revealed Amandaâs plasma sodium level to be 149 mEq/L, plasma osmolarity was 308 mOsm/L, and her fasting plasma glucose was 85 mg/dl. An analysis of Amandaâs urine showed a urine osmolarity of 200 mOsm/L. The urine sample was negative for the presence of glucose. An extensive history revealed that no other member of the family had ever displayed Amandaâs symptoms. Amanda had no history of traumatic head injury and an MRI of her brain was normal. Next, a two-hour water deprivation test was performed on Amanda. After two hours of not being able to drink water, the osmolarity of her plasma and urine were measured a second time. This time her urine osmolarity was unchanged; however, the osmolarity of her plasma increased to 315 from 308 mOsm/L. She was then injected with a drug called DDAVP, a synthetic analogue of vasopressin. One hour after the injection, the osmolarity of her plasma decreased to 290 mOsm/L and the osmolarity of her urine increased to 425 mOsm/L. Based upon the results above, Amandaâs medical history, and the results of the MRI, a diagnosis of idiopathic pituitary diabetes insipidus (a form of central diabetes insipidus) was made.

Why was a form of central or pituitary diabetes insipidus diagnosed in Amandaâs case? (Assume she is not pregnant). Make sure to explain why the other types were ruled out.