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Causes of the following diseases of circulatory system:

 

 

1. Hypertension 

2. Aneurysm 

3. Rheumatic Heart Disease 

4. Stroke 

5. Leukemia 

6. Sickle-cell Anemia 

7. Atherosclerosis 

8. Thrombosis

9. Hemophilia

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Questions 4-6. Sickle cell disease:
Sickle cell disease (sickle cell anemia) is a relatively common disorder in individuals of

African descent and affects approximately 1 in 500 African-Americans. Due to a mutation in an autosomal gene for hemoglobin, the homozygous recessive genotype leads to red blood cells that are relatively stiff and sticky, and deform into a sickle shape as they lose oxygen. This leads to problems in the spleen, and anemia.

There are hundreds of different hemoglobin alleles. Individuals heterozygous for the sickle cell allele and one non-sickle cell allele usually do not experience major complications or even noticeable symptoms. A genetic test is available to diagnose carriers.

James does not have sickle cell disease, neither does his mother or father, but his sister does. His wife Natasha does not have sickle cell disease, and neither of her parents does either. Natasha also has a sister who has sickle cell anemia and two brothers without the disease.

5.) If James and Natasha have a child, what is the probability that the child would be a homozygote for the recessive allele and have sickle cell disease? You may draw the Punnet square but please solve the problem using probability calculations, then explain your reasoning in 2-5 complete sentences.

1.Which cell type is most common in the digestive system?

Endothelial c. Myocyte

Epithelial d. None of the above

2.Females are at a higher risk to develop________________________ most likely because of the difference inlength of the urethra.

3.Infection in the large intestine can lead to___________________.

Appendicitis c. Hemorrhoids

Cavities d. None of the above

4. Which of the following makes antibodies?

BLymphocytes c. T Lymphocytes

DendriticCells d. None of the above

5.Ineffective heart pumping can lead to ________________.

Anemia c. Atherosclerosis

Aneurysm d. None of the Above

6.Translation takes place in the ___________ of the cell.

a.Cytoplasm c. Ribosome

b.Endoplasmicreticulum d. None of the above

7. If a person has a myocardial infarction event, which bloodvessel is the first affected?

Aorta c. Superior Vena Cava

Inferior VenaCava d. None of the above

8.Why are diet and exercise reasonable recommendations for anobese woman who is having problems getting pregnant?

1) In one breed of house cats, orange and black fur isinherited. Two cats breed with the following cross: orange fur Xblack fur, and produce F1 with orange fur only. In and F1 x F1cross (to make the F2 generation), the progeny are 1/4 with blackfur and 3/4 with orange fur.

  1. Provide a key, which shows allelic designations of the furcolor and indicate which color is dominant and which isrecessive.
  1. Show the genotypes for the parents, F1, and F2 house cats fromthis problem.

2) Sickle-cell anemia is a recessive human disease that can bepassed down through generations. Maria and Sam Johnson are bothheterozygous for the sickle-cell gene.

  1. Maria is expecting! Yay! If Maria and her husband end up having4 children in total, what is the probability that at least two ofher children will have Sickle-cell anemia?
  1. If the couple has three children, what is the probability thatnone of the children are born with sickle-cell anemia?
  1. Turns out that Maria is having fraternal (non-identical) twins!What is the probability that both of the twins are boys and both ofthe twins have sickle-cell anemia?
  2. If she is having identical twins, what is theprobability that both twins have sickle-cell anemia?

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