Every year, the viral strains included in vaccinations for the flu are slightly different, based on the prevalence of the strains present the previous year. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the vaccinations and the treatment of viral infections like the flu?
A. When someone who is vaccinated encounters the virus they were vaccinated for, antigens are produced triggering destruction of the virus.
B. Antibodies are built up in response to viral antigens, making those with vaccines more susceptible to viral infection.
C. Viruses mutate quickly due to overuse of antibiotics.
D. Vaccinations involve introducing an antigen of a virus into the immune system, which stimulates the production of antibodies.
Recall that HIV is a retrovirus. Based on that, which of the following would NOT be an effective drug target for treatment of HIV?
A. Translation inhibitors
B. Integrase inhibitors
C. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
The type of horizontal gene transfer that specifically requires a virus to transfer DNA from donor to recipient is called:
A. transformation.
B. conjugation.
C. transduction.
D. binary fission.
Binary fission differs from mitosis in that
A. binary fission occurs in prokaryotes, and mitosis happens in eukaryotes.
B. binary fission does not have a step to duplicate the genetic information, and mitosis does.
C. binary fission creates daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell, while mitosis introduces genetic variation.
D. binary fission does not have a step to separate the parent cell into two daughter cells, and mitosis does.
Bacteria contain ______ in their cell walls, while Archaea contain _____ in their cell walls.
A. chitin; peptidoglycan
B. peptidoglycan; pseudopeptidoglycan
C. pseudopeptidoglycan; peptidoglycan
D. peptidoglycan; chitin
E. cellulose; chitin
Every year, the viral strains included in vaccinations for the flu are slightly different, based on the prevalence of the strains present the previous year. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the vaccinations and the treatment of viral infections like the flu?
| A. | When someone who is vaccinated encounters the virus they were vaccinated for, antigens are produced triggering destruction of the virus. | |
| B. | Antibodies are built up in response to viral antigens, making those with vaccines more susceptible to viral infection. | |
| C. | Viruses mutate quickly due to overuse of antibiotics. | |
| D. | Vaccinations involve introducing an antigen of a virus into the immune system, which stimulates the production of antibodies. |
Recall that HIV is a retrovirus. Based on that, which of the following would NOT be an effective drug target for treatment of HIV?
| A. | Translation inhibitors | |
| B. | Integrase inhibitors | |
| C. | Reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
The type of horizontal gene transfer that specifically requires a virus to transfer DNA from donor to recipient is called:
| A. | transformation. | |
| B. | conjugation. | |
| C. | transduction. | |
| D. | binary fission. |
Binary fission differs from mitosis in that
| A. | binary fission occurs in prokaryotes, and mitosis happens in eukaryotes. | |
| B. | binary fission does not have a step to duplicate the genetic information, and mitosis does. | |
| C. | binary fission creates daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell, while mitosis introduces genetic variation. | |
| D. | binary fission does not have a step to separate the parent cell into two daughter cells, and mitosis does. |
Bacteria contain ______ in their cell walls, while Archaea contain _____ in their cell walls.
| A. | chitin; peptidoglycan | |
| B. | peptidoglycan; pseudopeptidoglycan | |
| C. | pseudopeptidoglycan; peptidoglycan | |
| D. | peptidoglycan; chitin | |
| E. | cellulose; chitin |
