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18 Nov 2018

1a.Describe three examples of protein modification. How might one protein be modified in more than one way?

1b. Describe in detail three ways in which differences in gene expression can contribute to the complexity of an organism.

1c. What is chromatin remodeling? How does it affect chromatin structure and what is its purpose? Include a brief description of chromatin structure in your answer.

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Jean KeelingLv2

21 Nov 2018

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Related questions

â¢ Identify the mechanisms for gene expression control in the lac and trp operons

â¢ Explain what transcription factors and regulatory proteins are and how they regulated gene expression in eukaryotes.

â¢ Describe how chromatin structure (DNA methylation and histone modification) can affect gene expression

â¢ Explain the process of protein degradation and its purpose

â¢ Contrast the mechanisms regulating gene expression depending on when they act on: 1) regulating transcription, 2) posttranscriptionally (regulating the mRNA and protein synthesis) and posttranslationally (regulation of protein degradation)

silveralpaca631

Chapter 10

1.Outline the history of our knowledge on DNA up to Watson and Crick. What were the main contributions made by each researcherâs key experiment?

2.Explain the setup of the Hershey and Chase experiment, what would the results have been if protein was the genetic material?

3.Draw the structure of a DNA nucleotide, labeling each main component correctly. How does an RNA nucleotide differ?

4.If a section of double stranded DNA contains 19% Adenine, how much Thymine is present?

5.You are a researcher studying the genetic basis of heart attacks and have been working to determine the expression levels of different genes that might contribute to cancer formation. You obtain the DNA methylation status of five genes of interest (the data are shown in the table below). The plus (+) sign indicates the level of DNA methylation; more plus signs correlates with increased methylation levels.Based on this information which genes would you predict to have the highest rate of transcription?

Gene	Methylation levels
1	++
2	+++++
3	+++
4	++
5	+

What are the characteristics of the 3 main DNA forms?

Chapter 11

What are the different types of chromatin?

What are the structures and important roles for telomeres and centromeres?

What are the differences found between eukaryotic chromosomes and mitochondrial?

Chapter 12

Explain each of the different models of replication.

If you grow a culture of bacteria in media with radioactive nucleotides so that all DNA in the cells include radioactive nucleotides and then place the bacteria in new non radioactive media. After two rounds of replication what proportion of the DNA molecules will contain radioactivity?

Summarize the similarities and differences between rolling-circle replication, theta replication and linear eukaryotic replication.

What are the functions of the different DNA polymerases found in eukaryotic cells?

Draw a replication fork and include all key components and orientations. (Leading/lagging strands, DNA helicase, RNA primer and DNA gyrase)

What is the Holliday model of recombination and what are the necessary steps?

Chapter 13

What are the different types of RNA and what roles do they play?

Describe the properties and functions of each of the RNA polymerases and how they differ depending on the organism.

Describe in detail the process and mechanisms of transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Chapter 14

What are the primary purposes of each of the three post transcriptional modifications that occur in eukaryotic cells.

What is alternative splicing and what role does it play in the cell?

How is ribosomal RNA processed after transcription?

How do siRNA and miRNA work, describe/draw out the process in detail.

2.)

a.) Are viruses that infect Archaea different from other bacterial viruses?

Yes, they do not have protein coats because of the extreme conditions where they live.

No, they consist of nucleic acid and protein just like other bacterial viruses.

Yes, the structure of archaeal viruses is always completely different from other bacterial viruses.

Yes, they have only DNA genomes.

b.) Of the following examples, which is not a common part of many viral life cycles?

The pox virus genome is replicated by DNA polymerase.

Adenoviruses attach to the cell and the nucleocapsid is taken up by the cell.

Pox viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Once an adenovirus virion is inside a cell, host RNA polymerases transcribe early genes

c.) Some viruses are associated with cancer. There are a variety of ways in which viruses may affect a cell in a way that may lead to cancer. Based on your knowledge of the life cycles of viruses and of molecular genetics, what is one way that this might happen?

Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome close to the termination sequence, far downstream of the promoter, and causes a silent mutation.

Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome in a repetitive noncoding region.

Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome, placing a promoter in a new location and turning on a gene that had previously been turned off.

Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome and causes a mutation in a promoter, turning off a gene that had previously been turned on.

d.) Which statement describes the difference between the normal neuron protein PrP^C and the pathogenic version PrP^Sc?

PrP^C is just a protein and the PrP^Sc is a protein with nucleic acid inside.

The PrP^C protein contains more beta sheets while the PrP^Sc protein contains more alpha helices.

The three-dimensional conformation is identical, but the amino acid sequence is different.

The amino acid sequence is identical, but the three-dimensional conformation is different.