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19 Jul 2019

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the reaction pyruvate-->acetyl-Coa. Individuals who express defective form of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex constantly feel tired. What is the basis for this?

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20 Jul 2019

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1. Organic molecules that uncouple the electron transport chainfrom ATP synthesis have what major properties?

A. hydrophilic & basic

B. hydrophobic & basic

C. hydrophilic & nucleophilic

D. hydrophobic & nucleophilic

E. hydrophobic & hydrophilic

2. What is the chemical function of the biological cofactorcoenzyme A?

A. activation of carbonyl-containing groups

B. 1 electron transfers

C. hydride transfers

D. methyl transfers

E. breaking bonds to carbonyls

3. For the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, what is the specificchemical function of the thiamine pyrophosphate cofactor?

A. activation of acetyl-CoA

B. oxidation of lipoic acid

C. reduction of NAD+

D. transfer of the acetyl group to CoA

E. decarboxylation of pyruvate

Explain

cyancattle838

After glycolysis and before the citric acid cycle (TCA), the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex breaks down the pyruvate to three separate components; a carboxyl group, a two-carbon fragment, and coenzyme A (CoA). What happens next to these products?

a. The carboxyl group is reduced and released as CO2, the two-carbon fragment is used to reduce NADH, and CoA is converted to acetyl CoA for the TCA.

b. The carboxyl group is oxidized and released as CO2, the two-carbon fragment is used to oxidize NAD+, and CoA is converted to acetyl CoA for glycolysis.

c. The carboxyl group is used to reduce NAD+, the two-carbon fragment is oxidized and released as CO2, and CoA is oxidized to acetyl CoA for oxidative phosphorylation the TCA.

d. The carboxyl group is oxidized and released as CO2, the two-carbon fragment is used to reduce NAD+, and CoA is converted to acetyl CoA for the TCA.

e. The carboxyl group is used to oxidize NAD+, the two-carbon fragment is reduced and released as CO2, and CoA enters the TCA.

1. Which enzyme of the citric acid cycle catalyzes a substrate-level phosphorylation reaction?

A. Isocitrate dehydrogenase

B. Succinyl-CoA synthetase

C. Fumarase

D. Aconitase

E. Citrate synthase

2. Which enzyme of the citric acid cycle is embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane

A. Fumurase

B. Malate dehydrogenase

C. Isocitrate dehydrogenase

D. Succinate dehydrogenase

E. Aconitase

3. The addition of Isocitrate will stimulate the TCA cycle. How many ATP can you produce from one molecule of Isocitrate?

A. 10

B. 7.5

C. 4

D. 5

4. In the reaction mechanism for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, which cofactor is required for the decarboxylation step?

A. Thiamine pyrophosphate

B. Lipoic acid

C. FAD

D. NAD+

E. all of the above

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The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the reaction pyruvate-->acetyl-Coa. Individuals who express defective form of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex constantly feel tired. What is the basis for this?

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