One of your friends has several brothers and sisters, each quite different in appearance, interests, and abilities, even though all have the same parents. Explain in detail how these siblings reflect crossing over and independent assortment.

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Hubert KochLv2

14 Sep 2018

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I just need help with these two questions:

The Principle of Independent Assortment would suggest a 9:3:3:1 phenotype ratio (dom/dom; rec/dom; dom/rec; rec/rec) in a cross, involving parents heterozygous at each of two genes. When the same experiment is done using different traits including flower color and pollen shape, crimson flowers are dominant (red is recessive) and long pollen is dominant (round is recessive). A cross involving heterozygous parents shows the following results:

4831 (= 69.5%) with crimson flowers and long pollen,

390 (= 5.6%) with crimson flowers and round pollen,

393 (= 5.6%) with red flowers and long pollen,

1338 (= 19.3%) with red flowers and round pollen.

a. (5 points) Since there is no 9:3:3:1 ratio, would you conclude that these genes are on the same chromosome or on different chromosomes?

b. (5 points) Explain how the crimson/round and red/long flowers might have arisen at a low frequency?

Thank you!

jadedog477

Fill in the blank, each word can be used more than once.

word bank- crossing over, avoid predation, reproduce,independent assortment, phenotypes, frequencies, nucleotides,meiosis, protein, prophase, segregation, gene, allele, amino acids,fertilization, arrangement, chromosome.

A(n) _________ is one of multiple forms of the same gene.

These different forms of genes are in the same locus of a(n)_________, but they have slightly different sequences of________.

During ________ I of meiosis, genes of homologous chromosomesalign side-by-side.

Then in a process called _________, homologous chromosomesrandomly line up double-file at the center of the cell and thenseperate. Since alleles are randomly distributed, this processcreates variation among the gametes. After ________ with a gametefrom the other sex, variation among gametes will create variationamong the offspring.

Some offspring will have a more favorable combination of allelesthan others, and will therefore survive and ________ moresuccessfully, leading to more favorable alleles in the nextgeneration. However, sometimes conditions change, andonce-favorable phenotypes may becomes less favorable.

Scientists hope that they will soon be able to use biotechnologyto track the ________ of alleles over multiple generations, therebywatching evolution as it occurs.

taupewolf882

Albinism is a recessive autosomal trait causing the complete loss of pigment in affected individuals. Nail-Patella syndrome affects the structure of connective tissue and is a rare dominant autosomal trait. A man with Nail-Patella syndrome marries an apparently normal woman. They have one child who has both albinism and Nail-Patella syndrome. 1) What are the genotypes of the parents? Use standard Mendelian symbols and define each. 2) If these parents have four more children, what is the probability of all four being normal in appearance? Show your calculations.