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21 Aug 2018

Comparing DNA replication and Transcription.

Name one similarity and one difference between DNA replication and transcription.

DNA polymerase is able to detect and repair most errors that occur during replication. But, RNA polymerase is not able to do this. In the end, this means RNA has many more errors. Predict why it is more important to find and remove these errors in DNA than it is for RNA.

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Elin HesselLv2

23 Aug 2018

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Related questions

Multiple choice.

1.Origins of replication...

A. occur at many sites on bacterial and human chromosomes

B. contain one replication fork each where the daughter stands are being sythesized

C. initiate replication in a uni-directional manner

D. result in bubbles opened by helicases

E. occur at one site per chromosome

2.Telomerase...

A. is important for the replication of circular chromosomes

B. is important for the replication of linear chromosomes

C. carries a template in the form of a DNA molecule

D. sythesizes RNA primers

E. both the 1st and 2nd option are correct

3.What are topoisomerases?

A.Enzymes that lay down an RNA primer during DNA synthesis.

B.The ends of the chromosomes.

C. Proteins that unwind DNA.

D. A strain of mice.

4.Which enzyme produces the first piece of nucleic acid synthesized in DNA replication?

A. Primase

B. DNA polymerase

C.ORC

D. DNA ligase

5. Which of the following does not contribute to the mutagenesis of our DNA?

		A. alterations to bases (nucleotides) that change their hydrogen bonding characteristics
		B. passing on of mismatched DNA into daughter cells
		C. inefficiency of MutS to recognize errors in base pairing
		D. DNA polymerase slipping during synthesis and creating insertions or deletions
		E. DNA polymerase erroneously synthesizing DNA in the reverse direction during S phase

89) During fasting, glucose is synthesized from gluconeogenesis.Where is glucose used?

During fasting glucose is directed to the brain.

90) Why does DNA polymerase need a RNA primer for replication ofchromosomes?

DNA polymerase cannot start synthesis, only extends on anexisting polynucleotide. RNA polymerase can synthesize without anexisting primer.

91) During replication of chromosomes, synthesis of one strandis continuously extending. Another strand extend discontinuously.Why?

92) Histone proteins are core of nucleosomes. DNA wraps aroundthem. Both DNA and histones are involved in regulation of geneexpression. Transcription factors and enhancers are other elementsof regulation. What would be like if a gene has a promoter but doesnot have tissue specific regulatory protein binding sites?

93) Some of cancer causing genes are involved in DNA repair suchBRCA1 and BRCA2. Why do defects in DNA repair increase chance ofgetting cancer?

copperwhale251

Please provide brief (one sentence) answers:

a) The Mycoplasma chromosome codes for 500 genes, yet it has about 20 promoters. Provide a brief explanation for how this is possible.

b) How many seconds would it take the bacterial RNA polymerase to synthesize an mRNA of 5,000 bases?

c) How many mistakes would the bacterial RNA polymerase make while synthesizing an mRNA of 30,000 bases?

d) Sigma (?) protein by itself does not bind to promoter sites. Predict the effect on transcription of a mutation enabling ? to bind tightly to the â35 region in the absence of other subunits of RNA polymerase.

e) What is the structure of the most common transcription terminator signal in E. coli, and what are 2 conserved features of the RNA sequence of this structure?

f) Why is RNA synthesis not as carefully monitored for errors, as is DNA synthesis?