20. Compare and contrast the events that must take place to form the open complex in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
21. Describe in detail the function of a âpromoterâ in transcription. Where is its location? Explain how the factor recognizes promoters.
22. Describe the 2 mechanisms of termination of transcription in E. coli.
23. What is the function of histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases? Explain what the result would be if an organism could not produce functional histone deacetylases.
24. What is the function of the 5â Cap and poly A tail in eukaryotic Pre-RNAâs?
25. What is alternative splicing? How can it be advantageous to an organism? Be sure to include in your discussion exons and introns.
26. How does an amino acid become attached to a tRNA molecule? What mechanism ensures amino acids get attached to the correct tRNA
27. What is meant by the phrase âthe genetic code is termed degenerateâ? What is the âwobble baseâ and why is it called this?
28. One of the fundamental tenets of translation is that codons are read in triplets. Discuss the experiment that proved the genetic code is read in triplets.
29. Describe the structure of ribosomes and how they are assembled.
30. Describe the stages of Translation-Initiation, Elongation and Termination.
20. Compare and contrast the events that must take place to form the open complex in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
21. Describe in detail the function of a âpromoterâ in transcription. Where is its location? Explain how the factor recognizes promoters.
22. Describe the 2 mechanisms of termination of transcription in E. coli.
23. What is the function of histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases? Explain what the result would be if an organism could not produce functional histone deacetylases.
24. What is the function of the 5â Cap and poly A tail in eukaryotic Pre-RNAâs?
25. What is alternative splicing? How can it be advantageous to an organism? Be sure to include in your discussion exons and introns.
26. How does an amino acid become attached to a tRNA molecule? What mechanism ensures amino acids get attached to the correct tRNA
27. What is meant by the phrase âthe genetic code is termed degenerateâ? What is the âwobble baseâ and why is it called this?
28. One of the fundamental tenets of translation is that codons are read in triplets. Discuss the experiment that proved the genetic code is read in triplets.
29. Describe the structure of ribosomes and how they are assembled.
30. Describe the stages of Translation-Initiation, Elongation and Termination.
Related textbook solutions
Related questions
Match the following:
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|
Second messengers play an important role in cellcommunication.
Which of the following best describes their role?
None | ||
integrate, amplify and distribute messages throughout thecell | ||
Release messages to other cells? | ||
Receive information at the cell surface |
What is true of disulfide bonds?
a. | They often occur in the cytosol | |
b. | They are a noncovalent bond | |
c. | They are formed enzymatically in the ER | |
d. | They act as reducing agents | |
e. | they increase protein flexibility |
Which of the following is NOT an example of a cell communicationmolecule?
nucleases | ||
nitric oxide | ||
hormones | ||
kinases |
What is true of binding pockets?
a. | They only occur in the membrane | |
b. | They occur in unfolded proteins | |
c. | They contain electrostatic interactions | |
d. | They contain variable amino acids | |
e. | ||
What is true of cell signaling?
a. | Extracellular signals transduced by rectors always alter cellbehavior very quickly | |
b. | Some cells require cell signals just to survive | |
c. | Cell signals can be interpreted differently by differentcells | |
d. | B and C only | |
e. | All of the above (A, B and C) |
Histone tails can be modified to change the shape and"tightness" of the nucleosomes. Acetylated histones result in whicheffect?
Open DNA | ||
increased transcription | ||
closed DNA | ||
decreased transcription | ||
1+2 | ||
1+4 | ||
3+4 | ||
2+3 |
Shifting the two bound tRNA from the A and P sites to the E andP sites of the ribosome involves:
a. | The movement of the small ribosome subunit down the mRNAchain | |
b. | The degradation of the A site on ribosome | |
c. | The synthesis of the E site on the ribosome | |
d. | The movement of the large subunit relative to the smallsubunit | |
e. | All of the above |
Intracellular signaling pathways are awesome! What is the onething they can NOT do?
a. | relay the signal, to spread it through the cell | |
b. | nothing, they can communicate any cellular need | |
c. | distribute the signal to more than one effector protein | |
d. | integrate the signal from more than one cellular pathway | |
e. | Amplify the signal received, making the signal stronger |
Specificity of protein/protein and protein/DNA binding isdetermined by what?
Non-covalent bonds | ||
Hydrophobic interactions | ||
Covalent bonds | ||
shape of the binding site | ||
all of the above | ||
none of the above | ||
1,2,3 | ||
1,2,4 | ||
1,3,4 |
The coiling structure of the DNA into chromosomes is achieved bywhat?
alpha helix | ||
beta pleated sheets | ||
chaperone proteins | ||
DNA/Protein complexing |
Which regions (s) of the DNA are found in the final protein?
a. | poly-A tail | |
b. | A and B | |
c. | Exons | |
d. | UTRs | |
e. | Introns |
Metabolic processes can be turned "on" and "off" by chemicalmodifcation.
Which chemical modification do we associate with changing theactivity of an enzyme in a transient/non-permanent manner?
Phosphorylation | ||
Ubiquitination | ||
Methylation | ||
Acetylation |
DNA hybridization involves attaching a florescent dye towhat?
a. | Antibody | |
b. | Nuclear stain | |
c. | Probe DNA | |
d. | tRNA | |
e. | rRNA |
