Which of the following is NOT characteristic of bacterial operons?
Question 20 options:
an operon may be switched "off" and "on" by concentrations of molecules in the cell
a single mRNA transcript from an operon encodes multiple polypeptides
enhancers and transcription factors play key roles in switching each gene of an operon "on" and "off"
genes within one operon have related functions
one promoter serves multiple genes
Suppose an individual is born into a population with a novel mutation. Is the new mutation an evolutionary change, and why?
Question 21 options:
yes, because new mutations are always adaptive
yes, because the appearance of a new genetic variant is a genetic change in a population
no, because it is not a big enough change to count
no, because most mutations are not adaptive
no, because not enough individuals have the mutation for it to matter
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of bacterial operons?
Question 20 options:
| an operon may be switched "off" and "on" by concentrations of molecules in the cell | |||||||||||
| a single mRNA transcript from an operon encodes multiple polypeptides | |||||||||||
| enhancers and transcription factors play key roles in switching each gene of an operon "on" and "off" | |||||||||||
| genes within one operon have related functions | |||||||||||
| one promoter serves multiple genes Suppose an individual is born into a population with a novel mutation. Is the new mutation an evolutionary change, and why? Question 21 options:
|
Related textbook solutions
Related questions
Expression vectors inprokaryotes do not make functional eukaryotic gene products inbacteria very well because
Answer Not sure which one ?!
· the codon sequence for prokaryotes is differentthan the codon sequence in eukaryotes | ||
· there are no disulfide bridges formed in proteinsnormally made in prokaryotes | ||
· prokaryotic expression vectors cannot translateeukarytic sequences | ||
· eukaryotic genes have introns, and prokaryotesdon't | ||
· eukaryotic genes have exons and prokaryotesdon't |
I create a knockout mouseusing the agouti/black fur system \. When I cross the agoutioffspring of the originally engineered mouse, I find a ratio of 2agouti mice to 1 black furred mouse. What is the bestexplanation?
Answer not sure which one?!
· The gene knocked out was recessive. | ||
· The gene knocked out was dominant. | ||
· The gene knocked out was a lethalgene. | ||
· The knockput was integrated into a random spot,and did not knockput the original gene. |
A restriction enzyme cuts DNAand leaves the following end
xxCTGCA
xxG
Which of the following could be the sequence of the correspondingend of the other end of the cut DNA?
Answer
· xxG | |||||||||||||||||
· xxC | |||||||||||||||||
· xxCCGAT | |||||||||||||||||
| · xxGGCTA An SNP always occurs dueto Answer
|
I PCR out a mutated gene in apatient with Lisenbee chorea (the inability to dance in acoordinated fashion) and I compare it to another patient with thatsame disease phenotype. One subject had a mutation on chromosome 4,and the other subject couldn't rock it because of a mutation onchromosome 5. This is an exampe of
Answer
· pleitropy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
· locus heterogeneity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
· allelic heterogeneity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
· dominant negative mutation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| · penetrance In his experiments, Mendelnoted that when two traits are involved in a genetic cross, theyare inherited independently of each other. Though Mendel didn'tknow about chromosomes, this still holds true (mostly)because Answer
Anticipation is caused by amutation that increases in expressivity over subsequentgenerations. Answer · True · False Question 44 I have a genotype that shouldproduce a specific phenotype, but some of the individuals with thegenotype do not demonstrate any evidence of the phenotype. I wouldconsider this an example of Answer
Question Which of the following doesnot occur during the PCR reactions? Answer
Question DNA markers, or variantnon-coding regions of DNA, are DNA polymorphisms that are usefulfor genetic mapping. Answer · True · False |
A mosaic is an organismwith
Answer
· multiple genotypes within one organism | ||
· multiple alleles within one genotype | ||
· more than one color of fur | ||
· transgenes added to the zygote beforedevelopement | ||
· a wt phenotype but a mutated genotype |
Question
Genotype causesphenotype.
Answer
· No, gentoype just influences phenotype. | ||
· Yes, genotype is the DNA sequence that createsphenotype. |
Question
A true genetic chimera can becreated by
Answer
· mutating a gene early on in the development of anorganism resulting in different alleles being present in theadult | ||
· multiple fertilized eggs or zygotes fusing to formone embryo | ||
· adding a transgene to the genome of an organismduring fetal development only | ||
· adding cells of a different species to an adultorganism | ||
· adding a transgene to the genome of an animal atany stage in development |
Question
The ABO blood group can bestbe explained by the concept of _______.
Answer
· dominant traits | ||
· recessive traits | ||
· allelic heterogeneity | ||
· locus heterogeneity | ||
· vampirism |
If a loss of functionmutation creates a dominant phenotype, it may be becauseof
Answer
· haploinsufficiency | ||
· penetrance | ||
· expressivity | ||
· allelic heterogeneity | ||
· locus heterogeneity |
Please select the best matchfor each.
Answer
| Answer
|
A gene mutates, and theprotein produced has a novel way of interacting with the cell, andcreates a new phenotype because of this new functionality. This iscalled
Answer
· pleitropy | ||
· locus heterogeneity | ||
· allelic heterogeneity | ||
· dominant negative mutation | ||
· gain of function dominant mutation |
Question 62
Mutations in the somaticchromosomes may be inherited by the next generation.
Answer
· True
· False
A degenerate PCR primer withmany variant sequences must be used to make multiple copies of agene
Answer
· if only the protein sequence of the gene productis known to construct the primers | ||
· if the DNA you are using is cDNA to constructthe primers | ||
· if the DNA you are using is genomic DNA to becopied | ||
· if the DNA you are trying to copy iscDNA | ||
· if the vector is prokaryotic and the transformedcell is eukarytotic |
Question
Please select the best matchfor each term.
Answer
| Answer
|
Question
A couple goes on MauryPovitch, and the results are in: you are not the father. But noother man impregnated the female (granted, unlikely for a MauryPovitch guest, but work with me here) and he must be the father.DNA analysis claims otherwise, though the child definitely wasmom's (poor thing). What may be going on here?
Answer
· the child is parthenogenic because the motheractually impregnated herself like a shark, and the child's DNA isall mom's | ||
· the child had a mutation that changed the genethat is used to trace paternity | ||
· the child is a mosaic because he is actually a setof twins fused early during fetal development, and therefore camefrom 2 eggs and 2 sperm | ||
· the dad may have germ-line mosaicism, meaning thatthe genotype of his sperm is different from his somaticgenotype | ||
· mitochondrial DNA only comes from mom, so there isno way to tell whobthe baby's father is |
Question 1
1 pts
Cystic fibrosis is caused by nonsense and missense mutations in the CFTR gene, which encodes for a chloride channel. You are studying cystic fibrosis patients to determine what mutation they possess in the CFTR gene. The difference between the mutant and wild type CFTR genes can be uncovered by examining the CFTR:
| DNA | |
| mRNA | |
| protein | |
| tRNA |
Question 2
1 pts
You decide to identify the CFTR mutation by analyzing the genomic DNA of your patients compared to healthy individuals. You specifically are looking to see whether a specific 3' gene truncation has occurred in the patients. You will determine this using hybridization techniques with samples from healthy and CF patients. Which of the following will allow you to accomplish this?
| Using an RNA probe complementary to the region not removed by the truncation. | |
| Using an RNA probe complementary to the region removed by the truncation. | |
| Using an DNA probe complementary to the region not removed by the truncation. | |
| Using an DNA probe complementary to the region removed by the truncation. |
Question 3
1 pts
You would like to ensure that this experiment (to determine whether patients have a specific CFTR gene truncation using hybridization) is properly controlled. Which of the following samples must you test?
| The genomic DNA of a healthy individual who does not have cystic fibrosis. | |
| The genome of a CFTR patient known to have the specific truncation you are trying to identify. | |
| The genome of a CFTR patient with a missense mutation but full length gene. | |
| The genome of a healthy individual married to a CFTR patient with the specific truncation you are trying to identify. | |
| The genome of a patient with muscular dystrophy, which can be due to a trucation in the dystrophin gene. |
Question 4
1 pts
To conduct the hybridization experiment, you are trying to decide between using a DNA or RNA probe. Which would be ideal to use and why?
| As both are composed of nucleic acids, using either would result in identical results. | |
| An RNA probe because RNA has uracil bases. | |
| An RNA probe because it could also be used in a translation experiment. | |
| A DNA probe because it is more stable than RNA. | |
| A DNA probe because RNA cannot bind to DNA. |
Question 5
1 pts
Which of the following will lower the Tm of a given DNA strand?
| Increasing the percentage of GC base pairs. | |
| Raising the pH of the solution from neutral to basic. | |
| Decreasing the buffer concentration from 50mM NaCl to 5mM NaCl. | |
| None of the above. |
Question 6
1 pts
One step of the Hershey/Chase experiment involved blending the virus/cell mixture before centrifugation and probing the pellet for radioactivity. Why was the blending step necessary?
| To collect the bacteria at the bottom of the tube. | |
| To break open the bacteria to release the genome. | |
| To separate the bacteria from the bacteriophages. | |
| To be able to detect the radioactivity. |
Question 7
1 pts
Imagine Hershey/Chase had used an RNA virus (genome composed of RNA) instead of a DNA virus in their experiment. Would radioactivity still have been found in the pellet?
| No, because only DNA can be labeled with radioactivity. | |
| No, because the RNA genome would not enter the bacteria upon infection. | |
| No, because while DNA and RNA nucleotides are similar, they are not identical. | |
| Yes, because DNA and RNA nucleotides are similar. | |
| Yes, because genome in any form (DNA, RNA, protein) would be labeled similarly. |
Question 8
1 pts
Griffith and Avery's transformation experiments allowed us to identify that DNA is our genetic information. Which of the following scenarios would result in bacterial cells that are capable of killing mice upon injection?
| Heat killed non-virulent bacteria is added to a live virulent bacteria strain. | |
| Heat killed virulent bacteria is added to a heat killed non-virulent bacteria strain. | |
| A heat killed virulent bacteria that is treated with a nuclease, is then added to a non-virulent bacteria strain. | |
| Heat killed mouse cells are added to a non-virulent bacteria. |
Question 9
1 pts
The human genome consists mostly of non-coding DNA. Which of the following are benefits of this?
| Random DNA mutations generally won't affect RNA and protein function. | |
| It is faster to duplicate the genome when these are present. | |
| The existence of introns can lead to multiple variations of proteins encoded by a single gene. | |
| It is unlikely transposons would exist in the genome if there was too much protein coding DNA. |
Question 10
1 pts
Andrew Murray's sister, Andrea, is adding to her brother's work on chromosomes. She is using cells that are unable to synthesize adenine (âade) and histidine (âhis). The plasmid she is currently working with consists of an origin of replication and the Ade gene.
Following her transformation of the plasmid into her yeast, what media will the cells be plated on to select for cells that have picked up the plasmid?
| Media containing histidine | |
| Media containing adenine | |
| Media lacking adenine | |
| Media lacking histidine |
