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1 Nov 2018

Circle all that’s correct
Ebola...
A) is a deadly, intracellular bacterium
B) is an RNA virus
C) infects dendritic cells
D) also infects tobacco plants
E) is not prone to mutations among its 70 genes
F) is 100% fatal in humans

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3 Nov 2018

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Match each of the descriptions given below (symptoms, geographicdistribution, mode of transmission, etc.) with the viral diseasethat is the most likely cause. (Hint: look up all of the virusesand the diseases they cause, then try to do the problem.)

A yellow fever

B herpes (HSV-2)

C measles (rubeola)

D rotovirus

E ebola fever

F rabies

G HPV-16 (human papilloma virus)

H smallpox

1.The patient, who is a sexually active young adult, has genitalwarts.

2. The patient is a baby who was hospitalized because ofdehydration due to severe diarrhea. Patient also displays vomitingand low grade fever. An electronmicrograph of a stool sample showsa nonenveloped virus with an icosahedral symmetry (sort of round)that is about 70 nm in diameter.

3. The disease is an extremely severe hemmorhagic fever that isthought to be transmitted by contact with blood or bodily fluidsfrom an infected person (or possibly an animal but the naturalreservoir for this virus is currently unknown). An electronmicrograph shows the virus to be filamentous. Infections arefrequently fatal with most cases occurring in The Rebublic ofCongo, Zaire and Uganda.

4. The disease is a hemmorhagic fever that is transmitted bymosquitoes. An electron micrograph shows the virus to have anenveloped icosahedral capsid. The disease used to be common in Cubaand Panama. A patient suffers from internal bleeding that resultsin jaundice.

1. Unlike Ebola virus, SARS virus
a. has large spikes that look like a “crown”.
b. is enveloped.
c. is helical.
d. is in the family Togaviridae.
e. is a ssRNA virus.

2. Which virus or virus family is described in the followingpassage?
Electron micrographs of the hemagglutinin subunits (in the presenceof SDS) showed
rods approximately 40 Ã wide and 140 Ã long. The neuraminidasesubunits had a quite
different appearance. In the presence of SDS, these were seen asoblong structures about 85 Ã long and 50 Ã wide with a centrallyattached fibre 100 Ã long possessing what appeared to be a diffusetail or small knob about 40 Ã in diameter at its end.1
a. Togaviridae
b. Epstein-Barr virus
c. Smallpox virus
d. Orthomyxoviridae
e. Filoviridae
f. Rabies virus

3-Following is a passage from the New England Journal ofMedicine:
______________________ is an exclusively human herpesvirus that ...becomes latent in
cranial-nerve and dorsal-root ganglia, and frequently reactivatesdecades later to produce shingles and postherpetic neuralgia. Inimmunocompetent elderly persons or
immunocompromised patients, ____________________ may producedisease of the central nervous system.
This passage refers to which virus?
a. West Nile virus
b. Smallpox virus
c. Epstein-Barr virus
d. Ebola virus
e. Varicella-zoster virus

4. Pneumoviruses can cause colds and pneumonia in humans. They aresingle-stranded,
negative-sense, nonsegmented RNA viruses. These enveloped virusesare surrounded by an envelope that is characterized by fusionglycoproteins and host-derived proteins. With this knowledge, it islikely that pneumoviruses
a. enter host cells via endocytosis.
b. leave host cells by budding.
c. enter host cells via membrane fusion.
d. A and B
e. B and C

5. Recall that poliovirus is a positive-sense (+) ssRNA virus. The5’ à ? 3’ strand of RNA,
once uncoating has taken place, can serve as an mRNA and encode forviral proteins.
However, in order for the virus to create more +ssRNA to package indaughter viruses, it must
a. generate a dsRNA molecule that can encode for the synthesis ofmore +RNA.
b. integrate into the host cell DNA.
c. utilize an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase to make aheteroduplex.
d. undergo reassortment
e. All of the above

6. Some influenza hosts, such as humans and pigs, cansimultaneously contract human,
avian and swine influenza viruses at the same time. What can occurduring the maturation phase of virus replication in such ahost?
a. Reassortment
b. RNA of all three sources: human, swine and avian, can bepackaged into a single
virion.
c. Genetic shift
d. All of the above

7. The HIV virion contains enzymes/proteins that do all of thefollowing EXCEPT
a. An enzyme that creates –DNA using +RNA as template.
b. A protein that serves as a chemokine receptor.
c. A DNA-dependent DNA polymerase.
d. An enzyme that allows +/- viral DNA to be spliced into the hostcell’s DNA.
e. A protein that mediates membrane fusion.

8. After a long series of biochemical tests, Kyle and Matt werefinally able to identify their Gram-negative unknowns asPseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella dysenteriae,
respectively. As they compare notes, they realize that theirunknowns are in the
___________ Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively.However, they also note that both of their unknowns are in the______________ ? proteobacteria.
a. genera, species
b. phyla, family
c. families, class
d. order, phyla
e. classes, order

9-Hydrogenobaculum acidophilum is a resident of Yellowstone’sNorris Geyser basin. This thermoacidophilic microbe grows instringy, white mats and is a member of the phylum Aquificae.Hydrogenobaculum acidophilum
a. could be further researched in Volume 2 of Bergey’s Manual ofSystematic
Bacteriology.
b. is in the domain Archaea.
c. is a deeply branching bacterium.
d. is a proteobacterium.
e. All of the above

10-After talking about the Group A Streptococci (GAS) and theircapability to sometimes cause a flesh-eating disease callednecrotizing fasciitis, Derek decides to research this group a bitmore. As he reads, he quickly learns that
a. they are microaerophilic Gram-negative rods.
b. they are in the phylum ?-proteobacteria.
c. they are found Volume 4 of Bergey’s Manual of SystematicBacteriology.
d. they have less than 50 mol % GC content.
e. none of the above

A. What is the problem during replication at the end of a linearchromosome?


B. How can a DNA polymerase use a protein as a primer forreplication?


C. Why is a rolling circle model of replication advantageous forviral replication but not bacterial replication?


D. What happens to a virus that uses the rolling circle model ofreplication but has no means to cut monomers at discrete sites andcuts only unit lengths?


E. How can an integrated F factor be used to map the bacterialchromosome?


F. Why do recipients from an Hfr mating rarely become Hfr?


G. Why don't multicopy plasmids use the same kind ofpartitioning system as single-copy plasmids?


H. How does one plasmid know whether or not another plasmid isin the same family?


I. How is crown gall disease similar to cancer in humans?


J. What features of the Ti plasmid make it attractive to use asa system to transfer genes into plants?


H. Why is the mitochondrial replication system not identical toeukarotic nuclear replication?

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