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14 May 2018

1. In order for an eukaryotic mRNA to be exported out of the nuclear compartment, it needs to undergo processing. What are these modifications?

a Capping

b Polyadenylation

c Splicing

d ALL of the above are correct

e NONE of the above are correct

2 The role of TFIIH is to:

a Bind to TATA box causing bending of DNA so that other proteins can access the site

b Bind to the RNA polymerase

c Bind to Transcription repressors and activators

d Phosphorylate RNA Polymerase II releasing it from general factors to initiate elongation phase of transcription

3 The following sequence of eukaryotic DNA was used as a TEMPLATE to synthesize an mRNA. What is the sequence of the mRNA (written in the 5’-3’ orientation)?

5’-GGCTACTAGTCAGTCAGG-3’

a 5’-CCTGACTGACTAGTAGCC-3’

b 5’-GGACTGACTGATCATCGG-3’

c 5’-CCGATGATCAGTCAGTCC-3’

d None of the above

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Lelia Lubowitz
Lelia LubowitzLv2
14 May 2018

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If one is testing a goodness of fit to a 9:3:3:1 ratio, how many degrees of freedom would be associated with the Chi-square?

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2

3

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not enough information to determine

Which of the following choices does not describe a type of posttranslational modification of proteins?

The amino terminal methionine may be removed.
Glycoproteins are produced by the attachment of phosphates to newly synthesized proteins.
Precursor proteins are cleaved and trimmed by protease enzymes to produce a functional protein.
Molecular chaperones help proteins fold correctly.
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altering RNA polymerase activity by adding methyl-groups
changes in DNA-DNA hydrogen bonding
altering translation activity via methylated tRNAs
adding methyl groups to certain cytosines in DNA

If a nucleotide lacks a 3’-OH group, what will happen?

it’s transformed into RNA
another nucleotide can bond at the 3’ site during replication
replication will halt
no effect

Which of the following describe posttranscriptional modifications commonly seen in mRNA of eukaryotes?

5’ capping, 3’-poly-A tail addition, splicing
3’ capping, 5’ poly-A tail addition, splicing
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5’ capping, 3’polyA tail addition, removal of exons

In birds, females are the heterogametic sex. This means that

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emales produce eggs.
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An anticodon on a tRNA has the sequence 5'–GCA–3'. What would be the effect on translation if the G in the anticodon were mutated to a U?

The anticodon could pair to the serine codon 5'–UCA–3', and a cysteine would be incorporated at all points where a serine should have been incorporated.
The anticodon could pair to the threonine codon 5'–ACU–3', and a threonine would be incorporated at all points where a cysteine should have been incorporated.
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1) In Eukaryotes, repetitive sequence inclues:
A) Centromere sequences
B) Telomere sequences
C) All of the above

2) Satelit DNA:
A) Was orignally discoverd in E. Coli
B) Represents plasmid DNA sequences
C) Contains repetitive DNA sequences
D) Has the same density as main band DNA
E) All of the above

3) Inversions _____ The number of crossover offspring.
A) Decrease
B) Increase
C) Do not change
(I Believe the answer is "C" ^. can you explain why?)

4) In human genome, repetitive DNA is estimated to be ___ of the total genome.
A) .1%
B) 1%
C) 10%
D) 50%
E) 90%

5) In E. Coli, the promoter sequence:
A) Contains a short AT rich sequence
B) Binds transcription factors
C) All of the above

6) In eukaryotic transcription:
A) Transcription factors bind to the promoter and then RNA polymerase binds.
B) Transcription factors bind to RNA polymerase which then binds to the promoter
C) Transcription factors are NOT required to initiate transcription

Explanation for each would help immensely. THANK YOU in advance for your time!!!

I. Signaling cascades (4 pts)

1. Which of the following is an example of a signaling cascade?

A. Binding of lactose to the lac repressor

B. Binding of the lac repressor to the lac operon

C. The series of proteolytic digests that occur during clotting

D. The Collins Toggle Switch

2. Why is it important that signaling cascades have negative feedback loops?

II. Metabolism (4 pts)

1. What is a benefit of a negative feedback allosteric regulator?

A. It prevents starting materials from being unnecessarily consumed.

B. It regulated metabolism without requiring new protein synthesis.

C. It can be rapidly reversed as conditions change.

D. All of the above.

2. How is a metabolic cycle, like the citric cycle, distinct from a metabolic pathway, like glycolysis?

III. Transcription (4 pts)

1. Transcription factors, repressors, and activators are examples of proteins that _________.

A. randomly activate RNA polymerases.

B. bind specific DNA sequences.

C. bind specific rRNA sequences.

D. are found in the lysosome.

2. The trp operon is attenuated by a stem-loop structure that can form near RNA polymerase. The RNA sequencing encoding the stem loop is:

5’-AUACCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGGCUU-3’

The stem loop is composed of 7 nucleotides which perfectly base pair. Indicate the two halves of the stem loop on the sequence above.

IV. DNA replication/repair/genome editing (4 pts)

1. What is a consequence of the need for RNA primers during DNA replication?

A. Linear chromosomes gradually shorten each cell division.

B. Transcription factors often trigger DNA replication.

C. RNA primers are not actually needed for DNA replication.

D. Lagging strands can be avoided.

2. CRISPR-mediated genome editing has gene-specific components: an sgRNA, and a double-stranded repair template. Describe the role of the sgRNA in directing genome editing.

V. Genetic circuits (4 pts)

1. Which statement best describes the mechanism of the toggle switch?

A. Inducers must be continuously applied to maintain one of two states.

B. Competing repressors keep the cell in one of two transcriptional states.

C. An activator and a repressor keep the cell in one of two states.

D. A pair of repressors cause the cell to oscillate between two states without input.

2. How is bistability achieved by the Collins toggle switch?

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