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1. What is the current theory that explains how drugs work in the body? Explain this theory. Do you think there is such a thing as responsible use of illicit drugs? How would you determine what is legitimate and illegitimate use?

2. Why do you think that many people feel that marijuana use is not dangerous? What are the arguments in favor of legalizing marijuana? What are the arguments against legalization?

3. What are the arguments for and against drug testing in the workshop?

4. Why do you think so many young people today are abusing prescription drugs?

Please answer and explain!

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Trinidad TremblayLv2

28 Mar 2019

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In Personal Health:

1. The problem of illicit drugs continues to stimulate debate. Who mostly uses illicit drugs? Who abuses illicit drugs? Who is most at risk to become addictive? Referring to substance abuse strategies, what methods do you think are most effective in reducing the harm associated with illicit and illegal drugs? What affect has drug usage played in your life?

2. Suppose you are a lobbyist fighting against the legalization of marijuana. Upon what would you base your argument/case? Why are some drugs illegal and others not? What characteristics or criteria do we use to determine if a drug's use is legitimate or illegitimate? What would you do to help solve the drug issue in the U.S.?

3.Drug and alcohol abuse cost taxpayers more than $294 billion in preventable health care costs, extra law enforcement, auto crashes, crime and lost productivity. What are the costs that society pays for illegal drug use? What do you believe are the moral and ethical issues surrounding drug testing? Should all employees be subjected to drug tests or just those employees in high-risk jobs?

4. You come home early from work and find your daughter and her best friend experimenting with marijuana. Do you ignore the situation and hope that it is a "one-time" trial, or do you confront the girls and discuss the health risks involved? If you chose to confront them, what would you say to them to convince them that marijuana may be harmful to their health? Would you contact the parents of your daughter's friend? If so, how would you explain the situation to them?

1) The neurotransmitters acetylcholine and norepinephrine are digested by enzymes that are located at the axon synapse or within the axon terminal of the neurons.

a)What are the names of these different types of enzymes?

b)Where are they located and what is the result of their enzymatic activity?

2) Explain how the Investigational New Drug process works as well as the four different phases of clinical trials. Why are some drugs still taken off the market after approval by the FDA?

3) A single IV injection of 100 mg drug with a half-life of 4 hours is administered to a young adult.

a) Plot drug concentration versus time on a graph making certain to clearly label.

b) How long will it take to eliminate > 95% of the drug?

c) If the volume of distribution is 4L, what is the clearance of the drug?

4) Many drugs are metabolized in the liver through the microsomal metabolizing system.

a) What specific enzymes are involved in this metabolism?

b) What are the main functions of these enzymes?

c) What are some factors that can contribute to individual drug metabolism variation? Explain.

5) Think of an emergency situation requiring immediate and intense physical exertion.

a) List as many body organs as you can and predict the desired level of activity [increased or decreased].

b) Which neurotransmitter would produce these effects and through what receptors?

6) It is interesting that a drug can produce a therapeutic effect and an undesired side effect in one situation, and that the same drug side effect may be considered a therapeutic effect in another situation. Explain this phenomenon using the drug promethazine as an example.

7) A patient brought into the emergency room is experiencing severe hypotension. Blood pressure reads 90/50.

a) What class of drugs is indicated for treatment and why?

b) What precautions should be observed when these drugs are administered?

c) What would be the first indication that too much drug has been administered?

8) Only certain drugs are capable of crossing the blood brain barrier.

a) How is the blood brain barrier different than barriers found in other areas of the body? Be specific.

b) What properties of drugs will make it more likely to cross the blood brain barrier? Explain your answers.

9) A 32-year-old, presents to the Emergency Department by ambulance with vomiting, confusion, salivation, and respiratory distress. The patient states that he was feeling fine until today when I started getting ill. He then vomits. During a physical exam you record the following information: Heart rate 45; Blood pressure 90/60; Respiratory rate 25; Temperature 36.6C; Pupils constricted. During your exam, 4 more ambulances arrive with patients with similar symptoms. You find out they were all riding in the same care on the Red Line when they began feeling ill.

a) What do you feel is happening and why?

b) Would you expect their symptoms to improve over time? Why or why not?

c) What drug would you prescribe to treat these patients and why?

10) Betty has diabetes and asthma. She also has developed high blood pressure, for which doctor just prescribed propranolol. One of your duties as a physicianâs assistant is to make sure patients are not prescribed drugs that are contraindicated because of other health problems.

a) What should you tell the doctor about Bettyâs prescription for propranolol and why?

b) Is there a more appropriate drug for Betty? Explain you answer.

Have you ever encountered a situation in which you experienced (or had another person experience) a drug (OTC or prescription), herbal, or supplement-nutrient interaction? If so, explain what it was. If you have not, research a common interaction and explain it. Your explanation should include what drugs, herbs, or supplements and nutrient(s) are involved as well as the possible result of the interaction. Note that you are not to report on the side effects of a drug, herb or supplement, but rather how these might interact with a nutrient (in foods or in supplemental form) and result in a negative effect.

When you looked for information on the interaction where did you look? How were your questions or concerns addressed?

Where, in your experience, does the public turn to for information on drugs, herbs, or supplements? Are these sources usually reputable? How would you determine if a source, whether a person or an article or other, is reputable?

Do you think healthcare professionals have met the challenge of helping people find suitable nutritional supplements? Why or why not? How might socioeconomic status come into play when choosing between or within prescription medications or OTC medications/supplements/herbs? If someone needed to determine if nutrient status was being compromised as a result of an interaction, what tests could be done?