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3 Jul 2018

What is the function of telomerase?

A. Telomerase is an enzyme that increases the length of linear chromosome ends.
b. Telomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of lagging strand of a linear chromosome.
c. Telomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of leading strand of a linear chromosome.

d. Telomerase is an enzyme that separates strands of a linear chromosome

Which of the following best describes the histones associated with eukaryotic DNA?

A. Thousands of base pairs of DNA often wrap around each nucleosome core particle more than a dozen times.
B. Within the nucleosome core particle, H1 is the most conserved and crucial histone protein.
C. Along a 10,000 base pair segment of DNA, you expect to find twice as many molecules of histone protein H1, as histone protein H4.
D. The five types of histone proteins are small, basic proteins with a positive charge that allows them to bind to DNA.
E. The amino acid sequences of H4 vary extensively.

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Lelia Lubowitz
Lelia LubowitzLv2
5 Jul 2018

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Related questions

Molecular Biology Help!

Histone chaperones play a role in replication by:

Histone chaperones play a role in replication by:

preventing specific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
preventing nonspecific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
facilitating specific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
facilitating nonspecific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
none of the above.

Histone chaperones play a role in replication by:

Histone chaperones play a role in replication by:

preventing specific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
preventing nonspecific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
facilitating specific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
facilitating nonspecific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
none of the above.

Histone chaperones play a role in replication by:

Histone chaperones play a role in replication by:

preventing specific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
preventing nonspecific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
facilitating specific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
facilitating nonspecific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
none of the above.

Histone chaperones play a role in replication by:

Histone chaperones play a role in replication by:

preventing specific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
preventing nonspecific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
facilitating specific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
facilitating nonspecific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
none of the above.

Histone chaperones play a role in replication by:

Histone chaperones play a role in replication by:

preventing specific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
preventing nonspecific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
facilitating specific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
facilitating nonspecific interactions between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA.
none of the above.

________________ may play a role in aging and cancer.

________________ may play a role in aging and cancer.

telomerase
telomerase RNA
DNA polymerase III
restriction enzymes

none of the above

Telomeres consist of :

Telomeres consist of :

long random sequences at the ends of the linear chromosomes
short random sequences at the ends of the linear chromosomes
long TG-rich repeats at the ends of the linear chromosomes
long AT-rich repeats at the ends of the linear chromosomes

long AC-rich repeats at the ends of the linear chromosomes

Telomerase is a _____________________.

Telomerase is a _____________________.

restriction enzyme
protease
reverse transcriptase
exonuclease

none of the above

Replication of the eukaryotic nuclear genome requires which of the following?

Replication of the eukaryotic nuclear genome requires which of the following?

DNA polymerase α
DNA polymerase γ
DNA polymerase δ
DNA polymerase ε
all but one of the above

Which of the following is the eukaryotic DNA replication initiator?

Which of the following is the eukaryotic DNA replication initiator?

DnaA
replication protein A
replication protein C
ORC
MCM

The yeast ARS element has which of the following functions and properties:

The yeast ARS element has which of the following functions and properties:

they are AT-rich and serve as replication termination sites
they are GC-rich and serve as replication termination sites
they have random sequence and serve as replication termination sites
they are AT-rich and serve as replication initiation sites
they are GC-rich and serve as replication initiation sites

Replication factor C plays which of the following roles in eukaryotic DNA replication?

Replication factor C plays which of the following roles in eukaryotic DNA replication?

it is the sliding clamp
it is the clamp loader
it is the DNA ligase
it is a single-stranded DNA binding protein

it is a cofactor required for activating the DNA polymerase

Which of the following is the replicative DNA polymerase for both the leading and lagging strands of SV40?

Which of the following is the replicative DNA polymerase for both the leading and lagging strands of SV40?

DNA polymerase α
DNA polymerase β
DNA polymerase γ
DNA polymerase δ

DNA polymerase ε

SV40 T antigen recruits which of the following to the proto-replication bubble?

SV40 T antigen recruits which of the following to the proto-replication bubble?

DNA polymerase α
DNA polymerase β
DNA polymerase γ
DNA polymerase δ

DNA polymerase ε

The SV40 large tumor (T) antigen has which of the following functions:

The SV40 large tumor (T) antigen has which of the following functions:

helicase activity only
DNA primase and DNA helicase activity
origin binding and DNA primase activity
origin binding and DNA helicase activity
origin binding and DNA helicase activity

The bacterium E. coli, which is a major model system for the study of genes and DNA, has a singular circular chromosome of about 4x106 bp. In contrast, human diploid cells have __1__ chromosomes, of __2__ different types (don’t forget that the X ¹ Y!). The total amount of DNA found in a haploid cell such as a sperm or egg is called the organism’s “C-value”; the human C-value is __3__.

Also in contrast to the E. coli circular chromosome is the fact that eukaryotic chromosomes are not circular, but instead are __4__. Eukaryotic chromosomes are complexed heavily with protein to form a DNA-protein complex generically called __5__. The proteins found can be considered to fall into two general classes: __6__ and __7__. The first class is made up of 5 major proteins called __8__, __9__, __10__, __11__, and __12__. On a weight to weight basis, these proteins make up about __13__% of the total mass of a chromosome. Since these proteins must associate relatively non-specifically with DNA, they are rich in the basic amino acids __13__ and __14__, which gives the proteins a net __15__ charge.

One goal of packaging the DNA into chromatin is to compact the genome so it will fit into a nucleus. The basic unit of chromatin structure is the __16__, which has __17__ base pairs of DNA wrapped around a “core particle” composed of __18__ copies each of the core histones. Each nucleosome is separated by a stretch of “linker” DNA so that the repeating unit is approximately 200 bp. Lets do a little arithmetic: If we consider that the nucleosome is approximately __19__ nm in diameter, that there is about 200 bp in this structure, and that 200 bp of DNA would normally occupy __20__ nm if stretched out straight (recall that each base is spaced about 0.34 nm from the next), we can see that the nucleosome alone allows for a __21__-fold compaction ratio.

The nucleosome structure is further compacted by histone __22__, which is not a part of the core particle. Instead, this histone __23__ (does what?) to cause the nucleosomal 10 nm fiber to condense into a higher-order structure referred to as the __24__ nm fiber. In the nucleus, chromosomes do not just float around freely: they are tethered to a proteinaceous structure called the __25__ at specific DNA regions called “SARs”, which stands for __26__. SARs are rich in topoisomerases, to allow the winding and unwinding of the DNA that accompanies replication and transcription to occur, despite this constraint.

The 30 nm fiber discussed above is the form in which transcriptionally active DNA is believed to exist in the nucleus; however, further condensation leads to a highly condensed inactive form called __27__; in this terminology, the active form is referred to as __28__. The inactive condensed form can be divided into two types: one type is essentially invariant between cell types, and since it is “on all t time”, it is referred to as __29__. The other type comes and goes, depending on the expression of the genes present in that region of the chromosome; it is referred to as __30__.

Eukaryotic chromosomes carry the genes, of course, but also have other functional regions. One such region is the place where the spindle apparatus attaches during mitosis and meiosis; this region of the chromosome is called the __31__. Another important part of the linear eukaryotic chromosome is the ends; these are called __32__. In humans, the end of each chromosome is composed of many repeats of the short sequence __33__. One more type of functional region on each chromosome is the place where DNA replication starts; in humans, each chromosome has several of these __34__. Thus, eukaryotic chromosomes carry several different types of functional sequences, which together allow for their __35__ during S phase, __36__ during mitosis and meiosis, and the __37__ of their genes

QUESTION 3

What is the purpose of chromatin-remodeling enzymes in human cells?

The enzymes control the rate of translation of an mRNA transcript

The enzymes add phosphate or methyl groups to histone tails

The enzymes slide nucleosomes farther apart or closer to each other

The enzymes send damaged proteins to the proteasome for degradation

The enzymes cause DNA looping to occur

QUESTION 10

If you can drink milk as an adult, it means that you have inherited a mutation in the an enhancer for your lactase gene (the gene that encodes the enzyme you need to break down lactose). Predict the effect of this mutation:

The mutation changes the number of domains in the enzyme, which makes it work more efficiently

The mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the lactase protein

The mutation increases the number of copies of the lactase gene that will be found in your genome

The mutation changes whether the lactase sequence is found in an intron or exon

The mutation affects the expression of the lactase gene

QUESTION 12

What determines where in the genome a transcription regulator will bind?

Transcription regulators bind to the 5' UTR region of a gene

Regulators bind via complementary base-pairing to certain DNA molecules

Covalent bonds form between the transcription regulator and the atoms of the DNA backbone

Every eukaryotic gene has a different transcription regulator that will bind to the 5' end of the gene

Transcription regulators bind to specific DNA sequences via multiple weak non-covalent interactions

QUESTION 15

What is the histone code used for?

Phosphorylation and acetylation of DNA affect its ability to be compacted

Changes to the sequence of DNA change whether DNA will wrap around histone proteins

Covalent modifications of histones affect the ability of the transcription initiation complex to form

Histones provide the codon sequences needed for translation to occur

The histone code affects which amino acids will get added to a polypeptide

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