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1.) Contrast a system of freeways with a system of toll roads. What are the benefits and costs of making it a public good as in Michigan?

2.) What is an externality? Give an example of a positive externality and of a negative externality.

3.) If environmental pollution is due to external costs, what is the role of government to bring about efficiency even in free market capitalism?

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19 Mar 2019
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Related questions

Externalities are costs or benefits that are caused by producing or consuming a good but that are not included in the market price for the good. They are simply the unintended side effects of market activities. Externalities can be positive or negative. One example of a positive externality might be when beekeepers provide a means of pollination for fruit growers. Air, water, and noise pollution are examples of negative externalities.

Please answer the following questions to describe an instance in which you, an acquaintance, or family member has experienced an externality. Please use economic concepts, and use references in your main contribution.

How did it affect you (or your acquaintance or family member?) Please explain.

What were the effects? Please explain.

Did you (or your acquaintance or family member) experience increased or decreased health or quality of life? Please explain.

If you choose to write about a negative externality such as pollution, what do you think is the best way to reduce pollution? Please explain.

If you choose to write about a positive externality, what is the economic problem that positive externalities create? How would you resolve that? Please explain.

home / study / business / economics / questions and answers / Question 1 Which Of The Following Is The Best Example ... Question: Question 1 Which of the following is the best exam... Bookmark Question 1 Which of the following is the best example of a positive externality? A car company lays off 10,000 employees in order to cut costs. An individual drives a large SUV, which increases the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. An individual smokes in a restaurant, which bothers other patrons. A child is vaccinated against a disease, which reduces the probability that other children will catch the disease. 4 points Question 2 As a result of a negative externality, the market equilibrium quantity is too ______ compared to the socially optimal quantity. As a result of a positive externality, the market equilibrium quantity is too ______ compared to the socially optimal quantity. high; high. low; low. high; low. low; high. 4 points Question 3 Based on the diagram below, the deadweight loss area associated with the market equilibrium equals: Week06_graph1.jpg $10 $50 $80 $1,000 4 points Question 4 A firm's accounting profit is given by total revenue: less implicit costs. less explicit costs. less economic profit. less implicit and explicit costs. 4 points Question 5 Suppose an activity has a private cost equal to $30 and a private benefit equal to $30. The associated social cost equals $35 and the social benefit equals $30. Which of the following statements is true about this activity? There is a negative externality associated with this activity but not a positive externality. There is a positive externality associated with this activity but not a negative externality. There is both a positive and a negative externality associated with this activity. There is neither a positive nor a negative externality associated with this activity. 4 points Question 6 The Coase Theorem implies that: the efficient level of an externality is generally zero. private individuals living in market economies should not be concerned with externalities. government intervention is not always needed to arrive at the efficient level of an externality. government laws are unnecessary. 4 points Question 7 An industry in which a small number of large firms sell products that are either close or perfect substitutes is: perfectly competitive. monopolistically competitive. an oligopoly. a monopoly. 4 points Question 8 When a negative externality is present in a market: a tax can increase the level of economic surplus. the social benefits are greater than the private benefits. there is generally too little of the good produced by private markets. the government should ensure that there are zero external costs associated in all markets. 4 points Question 9 In the presence of a positive externality, the government can arrive at the socially optimal output level by: paying producers a subsidy equal to the amount of social benefits associated with the activity. charging producers a tax equal to the amount of social costs associated with the activity. paying producers a subsidy equal to the amount of external benefits associated with the activity. charging producers a tax equal to the amount of external costs associated with the activity. 4 points Question 10 The tragedy of the commons is that: too few individuals have access to high quality healthcare. common people overconsume public goods. the quality of life for lower income people is generally lower than that of higher income people. a resource with no price tends to be exploited until its marginal benefit falls to zero. 4 points Question 11 One potential remedy to the tragedy of the commons is to: never allow a single individual to consume more than one percent of the common resource. criminalize the usage of common resources. allow individuals to use a common resource as long as they receive some benefit from doing so. place a common resource under private ownership. 4 points Question 12 As a result of a positional externality: contestants have a tendency to invest in a series of mutually offsetting investments in performance enhancement. there is generally an underinvestment in performance enhancement. the market price of performance enhancement materials is too high. the quality of performance in competitive situations is lower than the socially optimal level. 4 points Question 13 Which of the following statements is true regarding health insurance? Economics shows that all health related procedures should be free to individuals because the health of an individual is priceless. Total economic surplus would be larger if individuals faced an incentive to only use services when the benefit exceeds their costs. Health maintenance organizations provide an incentive for doctors to prescribe expensive nonessential services. First dollar insurance coverage has likely had very little to do with rising healthcare expenditures since World War II. 4 points Question 14 A strategy that yields a higher payoff no matter what the other players in the game choose is known as a: prisoner's strategy. dominated strategy. dominant strategy. Nash strategy.

Question 1:

The annual income that can be consumed without diminishing the total capital assets of a nation is

purchasing power parity income.
sustainable national income.
environmental capital stock.
per capita income.

Question 2:

Maintaining the rainforest is very important because

of its absorptive capacity for CO2 emissions.
of maintaining agricultural production of countries dependent on the rainforest such as Brazil.
ensuring a successful land reform policy.
encouraging rainforest settlement of the poor

Question 3:

Which of the following leads to an underallocation of resources to a specific economic activity?

External benefits
Marginal costs
External costs
Marginal benefits

Question 4:

The free-rider problem plagues public goods because

once public goods are produced it is not possible to exclude anyone from consuming these goods.
the public doesn't care about public goods.
public goods are not produced by profit-maximizing firms and hence can be produced only at a loss to society.
policymakers ignore opportunity costs in making decisions

Question 5:

Which of the following methods could be used to correct for external costs?

Require firms in the industry to install pollution control devices.
Impose a tax or an effluent fee on the offenders.
Have the offender clean up the pollution it caused.
All of the above would be appropriate.

Question 6:

To correct for a negative externality, a government might impose a uniform tax related only to the physical quantity of pollution if

the economic damages are zero.
the administrative costs are high.
the cost of ascertaining the actual economic costs are relatively small.
the economic damages associated with the pollution are different across different locations.

Question 7:

In order to internalize the externality due to pollution, the government should impose a tax based on

the size of the firm causing the pollution.
the physical amount of pollution.
the value of the pollution-causing business activity.
the economic damage associated with the pollution.

Question 8:

In a market for emission permits, firms that emit over their allowed limits

pay a price of these emissions.
are forced to shut down.
are taxed by the government for the amount of emissions.
receive a subsidy for the amount of emissions.

Question 9:

The 1997 Kyoto Protocol was signed by

more than three dozen nations.
all nations in the world.
only the United States and the European Union.
only nations in Asia.

Question 10:

The problem of overfishing in waters that are commonly owned can be solved by

subsidizing fishing.
establishing property rights for fishing in the waters.
the use of the Coase Theorem.
allowing the market to ration fish.

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