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23 Nov 2019

Indicate whether each statement applies to the structure of DNA, RNA or both.

Contains four different nitrogenous bases.

[ Choose ] Both DNA and RNA RNA DNA

Contains a five-carbon sugar.

[ Choose ] Both DNA and RNA RNA DNA

Variety of 3-dimensional forms/shapes.

[ Choose ] Both DNA and RNA RNA DNA

May have enzymatic activity.

[ Choose ] Both DNA and RNA RNA DNA

Tends to have a double-stranded helical shape.

[ Choose ] Both DNA and RNA RNA DNA

Contains nucleotides connected by phosphodiester bonds.

[ Choose ] Both DNA and RNA RNA DNA

Can become mutated.

[ Choose ] Both DNA and RNA RNA DNA

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Related questions

1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events (from start to finish) in cellular fatty acid oxidation?

A. Fatty acid activationà carnitine shuttleà beta-oxidation

B. Beta-oxidationà carnitine shuttleà Fatty acid activation

C. Fatty acid activationà carnitine shuttleà beta-oxidation

D. Carnitine shuttleà Fatty acid activationà beta-oxidation

2. What reaction is catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase, or lipase?

A. Hydrolysis of TAGs into fatty acids and glycerol

B. Hydrolysis of TAGs into amino acids and glycerol

C. Hydrolysis of cholesterol in to fatty acid and water

D. Hydrolysis of cholesterol into acetyl-CoA

3. How do fatty acids of different carbon lengths cross into the mitochondrial matrix for oxidation?

A. Small FAs of 10 carbons or fewer can freely diffuse through the membrane

B. Large FAs are cleaved into two smaller units that are actively transported across the membrane

C. A membrane-bound transferase catalyzes the conversion of long-chain FAs and FA-carnitine esters, which are transported across the membrane via a specific carrier

D. The breakdown of large FAs starts outside the matrix, allowing for the smaller particles to pass easily through the membrane

4. How can any RNA nucleotide be easily distinguished from a DNA nucleotide?

A. RNA nucleotides have a unique phosphodiester bond linkage

B. RNA nucleotides have uracil nitrogenous bases

C. RNA nucleotides have an -OH on the 2’ carbon of the ribose

D. RNA nucleotides cannot be easily distinguished from DNA nucleotides

5. Which of the following statement is true concerning the sequence pTACGTAACGTA?

A. This is an RNA sequence

B. In order to have a more rigid structure in a double-stranded molecule, the sequence given would need more adenosine

C. If the complementary strand were present, the number of purines would be equal to the number of pyrimidines

D. The amount of purines is equal to the amount to pyrimidines

6. Complementary base pairing is considered which level of structure?

A. Secondary

B. Tertiary

C. Quaternary

D. Primary

7. Which of the following is/are required for the polymerization reaction catalyzed by DNA polymerase III?

I. RNA primer

II. DNA primer

III. RNA template

IV. DNA template

V. NTPs

VI. dNTPs

VII. Magnesium

VIII. Calcium

A. II, IV, V, and VII

B. II, IV, VI, and VII

C. I, IV, V, and VIII

D. I, IV, VI, and VII

8. DNA polymerase I, from E. coli, has three different catalytic sites. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

B. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

C. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

D. DNA-dependent DNA polymerase

9. Eukaryotes solve the problem of replicating the ends of their linear chromosomes by:

A. Using a protein as primer

B. Enzyme activity that uses an RNA template and reverse transcription in a series of repeat cycles

C. All of the listed solution

D. Terminal redundancy whereby each end of the chromosome is duplicated allowing recombination

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True
False

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

ionic
kinetic
covalent
hydrogen

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

neutrons
protons
electrons
electron shells

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

oil
heat
enzymes
blood

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

carbon
nitrogen
phosphorus
hydrogen

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

polypeptides
amino acids
nucleotides
monosaccharides

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport
cell fate
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

phospholipids
transmembrane channel proteins
cell surface proteins
carbohydrate chains

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

prokaryotic
animal cells
eukaryotic
cells of fungi

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

nucleus
organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells
mitochondria
chloroplasts

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

vacuoles
ribosomes
golgi complex
nucleus

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

ribosomes
golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)
nucleus
mitochondria

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

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A water molecule is removed from the molecules.
A water molecule is added to the molecules
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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

monomers
monosaccharides
polymers
amino acids

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

NH2
R Group or functional group
COOH
H

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

Tertiary
Quaternary
Secondary
Primary

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.
They have different sugars.
Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

phosphate
a nitrogen containing base
All are components of a nucleotide.
5-carbon sugar

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins
carbohydrate chains
phospholipids
cell surface proteins

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Question 591 pts

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chloroplasts and mitochondria
golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes and nucleolus
peroxisomes and lysosomes

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Question 601 pts

The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
nucleolus
mitochondria

QUESTION 1

A mutation caused by exposure to gamma rays is called a spontaneous mutation

a.

True

b.

False

c.

Sometimes, depending on the type of base change

d.

Gamma rays do not cause mutations

QUESTION 2

A recessive mutation affecting an essential biochemical pathway can be detected________

a.

when the organism is heterozygous for that mutation.

b.

when the organism is homozygous for that mutation.

c.

in either homozygous or heterozygous conditions.

d.

only by sequencing (recessive mutations never show a phenotype).

QUESTION 3

During DNA replication, the newly synthesized chain grows by adding

a.

nitrogenous bases

b.

the sugar-phosphate backbone

c.

nucleosides

d.

dNTPs

QUESTION 4

During replication, the DNA strand 5’- AAGTCTAGCCTAG -3’ will serve as a template for the polymerization of:

a.

5’- CTAGGCTAGACTT -3’

b.

5’ - TTCAGATCGGATC -3’

c.

5’ - GATCCGATCTGAA -3’

d.

3’ - AAGTCTAGCCTAG -5’

QUESTIOn 5

Given the following DNA sequences, select which statement(s) is(are) correct.

Sequence 1:

5’-TGGACGCTAA-3’

3’-ACCTGCGATT-5’

Sequence 2:

5’-AATCGCAGGT-3’

3’-TTAGCGTCCA-5’

Sequence 3:

5’-ACCTGCGATT-3’

3’-TGGACGCTAA-5’

a.

Sequences 1 and 2 are the same

b.

Sequences 1 and 3 are the same

c.

Sequences 2 and 3 are the same

d.

Sequences 1, 2 and 3 are all different

QUESTION 6

Repetitive sequences in the genome are hotspots for:

a.

Deamination

b.

Depurination

c.

Thymine dimer formation

d.

Replication errors

QUESTION 7

Select which statement(s) about the Ames test is(are) correct

a.

it has been designed to understand mutation repair systems in Salmonella typhimurium

b.

it uses mammalian liver extract

c.

it allows to study whether chemical compounds or their enzymatic breakdown products are mutagenic

d.

it is based on whether a chemical compound causes reversion mutations from his+ to his-

e.

two of the above are correct

f.

three of the above are correct

QUESTION 8

Select which statement(s) is(are) correct.

a.

All DNA strands have a direction, and it is specified by the carbons in the sugar backbone.

b.

All DNA strands have a direction, and it is specified by hydrogen bonds between nucleotides.

c.

In order to form proper base pairs in a double stranded DNA molecule, the two strands must run in opposite directions.

d.

A and C are correct.

e.

B and C are correct.

QUESTION 9

Studies of gene mutation frequencies have shown that:

a.

mutations are rare, and genomes are generally stable.

b.

mutation frequencies differ among organisms and also between genes, suggesting certain genes are more susceptible to mutation.

c.

mutation frequencies are consistent between organisms, and each region of DNA is equally susceptible to random mutations.

d.

Both A and B are correct.

e.

Both A and C are correct.

QUESTION 10

The compound 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is a derivative of uracil, and if BrdU becomes incorporated during DNA replication, it pairs with adenine. This compound is best classified as which type of mutagen?

a.

base analog

b.

base inducer

c.

intercalating agent

d.

oxidative agent

e.

alkylating agent

QUESTION 11

The rate of mutation of the fruit fly is higher than the rate of mutation of Algae

True

False

QUESTION 12

Thymine dimers are most commonly caused by which of the following?

a.

X-rays

b.

Alkylating agents

c.

U.V. irradiation

d.

DNA intercalating agents

QUESTION 13

What chemical group is found in the 3’ end of a DNA strand?

a.

an alcohol

b.

a hydroxyl

c.

a methyl

d.

a phosphate

QUESTION 14

What chemical group is found in the 5’ end of a DNA strand?

a.

an alcohol

b.

a hydroxyl

c.

a methyl

d.

a phosphate

QUESTION 15

Which is the correct order of molecules binding to DNA during DNA replication?

a.

Helicase, SSB, primase, DNA pol III, DNA pol I, ligase

b.

SSB, DNA pol I, ligase, helicase, DNA pol I, primase

c.

primase, helicase, DNA pol III, ligase, DNA pol I, SSB

d.

SSB, helicase, primase, DNA pol III, DNA pol I, ligase

QUESTION 16

Which statement(s) is(are) correct about strand slippage?

a.

It can cause disorders such as Huntingon disease.

b.

It is a process that causes mutations altering the number of DNA repeats.

c.

It is a process that incorporates nucleotide base analogs and trinucleotide repeats.

d.

a and b are correct.

e.

b and c are correct.

f.

a, b and c are correct.

help needed asap.

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