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Sticky rice has a larger proportion of amylopectin in its starch than does long-grain rice. Long-grain rice has proportionally more amylose. Predict whether a piece of sushi made with sticky rice would raise or lower your blood sugar more quickly than an equal amount of rice pilaf made with long- grain rice. Explain why.

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Related questions

What is the overall summary of this paragraph? Do you think that the structure of the two components of starch has any thing to do with the study results? Why? Why not?

Guezennec et al. (1993) studied the difference in carbohydrate oxidation during exercise when amylose and amylopectin were consumed prior to exercise. Amylopectin was oxidized more quickly during exercise than was the amylose. Goodpaster et al. (1996) tested whether high amylose or high amylopectin foods fed prior to endurance exercise had different effects on metabolism or performance when compared to placebo or glucose feedings. A lower glycemic response was seen for both starches compared to glucose during the 30 min prior to exercise. However, in contrast to the results of Guezennec et al. (1993), the starches did not differ from one another in their glycemic responses in this pre-exercise period. Furthermore, all carbohydrate treatments increased the reliance on carbohydrate as a fuel during exercise. When compared to the placebo, the high-amylopectin starch was as effective as the glucose feeding in enhancing endurance performance but, in spite of similar glycemic effects of the two starches, the increased amount of work done during the 90 min performance test when the high-amylose starch was consumed was not statistically significant from the placebo. The authors felt that the lower digestibility of the high-amylose starch contributed to its reduced benefit on exercise performance. This study did not support a benefit of a lower glycemic food, i.e., starch, over a higher glycemic food (glucose) fed prior to exercise.

Help with this Human Nutrition Biology 2020 assignment

Nutrition Facts

Serving Size 3/4 cup (31g)

Servings Per Container 11

Amount Per Serving

Cereal

with 1/2 cup skim milk

Calories

120

160

Calories from Fat

10

10

% Daily Value**

Total Fat 1g*

2%

2%

Saturated Fat 0g

0%

0%

Trans Fat 0g

Polyunsaturated Fat 0g

Monounsaturated Fat 0.5g

Cholesterol 0mg

0%

1%

Sodium 270mg

11%

14%

Potassium 60mg

2%

8%

Total Carbohydrate 26g

9%

11%

Dietary Fiber 1g

5%

5%

Sugars 11g

Other Carbohydrate 14g

Protein 2g

Vitamin A

10%

15%

Vitamin C

10%

10%

Calcium

10%

25%

Iron

25%

25%

Vitamin D

10%

25%

Thiamin

25%

30%

Riboflavin

25%

35%

Niacin

25%

25%

Vitamin B6

25%

25%

Folic Acid

25%

25%

Vitamin B12

25%

35%

Phosphorus

4%

15%

Magnesium

2%

6%

Zinc

25%

30%

* Amount in cereal. A serving of cereal plus skim milk provides 1g total fat, less than 5mg cholesterol, 340mg sodium, 270mg potassium, 32g total carbohydrate (16g sugars) and 6g protein.

**Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Your Daily Values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs.

INGREDIENTS: Whole Grain Wheat, Sugar, Corn Meal, Brown Sugar Syrup, Modified Corn Starch, Canola and/or Rice Bran Oil, Honey, Salt, Baking Soda, Calcium Carbonate, Dextrose, Trisodium Phosphate, Zinc and Iron (Mineral Nutrients), Vitamin C (Sodium Ascorbate), A B Vitamin (Niacinamide), Artificial Flavor, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B1 (Thiamin Mononitrate), Vitamin A (Palmitate), A B Vitamin (Folic Acid), Vitamin B12, Vitamin D. BHT Added to Preserve Freshness.

1. How would you find out what amount of vitamin A is contributed by a serving of this cereal?

2. What are the sources of vitamins in this cereal?

3. a. Are any actual vitamin amounts (e.g., mass or volume) given on the label?

b. Why might this be?

4. Which vitamin amount in the cereal is most significantly increased by milk?

5. a. What class of vitamins is more abundant in the cereal alone?

b. Why might this be?

A catabolic pathway would predictably result in the
A) reduction of a sugar.
B) synthesis of a macromolecule.
C) breakdown of a macromolecule.
D) breakdown of an atom.
2.
The drug Ritonavir is used to treat people with HIV/AIDS. It worksby binding to the active site of HIV-1 protease, an enzyme used bythe AIDS virus to create new proteins for production of newviruses.Once bound, the HIV-1 protease cannot produce proteins.Ritonavir can be classified as a(n)
A) competitive inhibitor.
B) allosteric inhibitor.
C) activator.
D) non-competitive inhibitor.
3.
During cellular respiration, __________ is the final electronacceptor that allows the regeneration of the cell’s supply of NAD+.In fermentation, ____________ is the final electron acceptor forNAD+ regeneration.
A) pyruvate / lactic acid
B) pyruvate / oxygen
C) ethanol / CO2
D) oxygen / pyruvate
4.
Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell isprokaryotic or eukaryotic?
A) whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism
B) the presence or absence of ribosomes
C) whether or not the cell is partitioned by internalmembranes
D) whether or not the cell contains DNA
5.
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is an allosteric enzyme that regulatesglycolysis. When cellular concentrations of ATP and citrate become__________, this enzyme’s activity decreases. When cellularconcentrations of AMP become ________, the enzyme isactivated.
A) high / high
B) high / low
C) low / high
D) low / low
6.
______________ is an enzyme that can utilize the free energy in thehydrogen gradient (voltage) produced between the inner and outermembrane of the mitochondrion. The enzyme uses this energy toproduce ________.
A) ATP synthase/ ATP
B) PFK/ ATP
C) PFK/ glucose
D) ATP synthase/ ADP
7.
ATP is able to do cellular work because it
A) has a high energy phosphate bond that can be hydrolyzed torelease energy.
B) converts light energy into chemical bond energy.
C) contains the sugar ribose, which can provide additional energyfor a cell.
D) its hydrolysis is endergonic.
8.
A solution of starch at room temperature does not readily decomposeto form a solution of simple sugars because
A) the starch solution has less free energy than the sugarsolution.
B) the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot besurmounted.
C) the hydrolysis of starch to sugar is endergonic.
D) starch hydrolysis is nonspontaneous.
9.
A person exposed to toxins would have more activity in their___________compared to an unexposed person.
A) lysosomes
B) Golgi bodies
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
10.
Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?
A) The function of fermentation is to regenerate the fermentingcells' supply of NAD+.
B) Fermentation allows a fermenting cell to gain more energy perglucose molecule than a non-fermenting cell.
C) Fermentation produces either lactic acid or ethanol that thefermenting cell can use as an energy source.
D) Fermentation is a universal process that occurs in all cells andall organisms.
11.
A glucose molecule is completely broken down to carbon dioxide andwater in glycolysis and the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, but togetherthese two processes yield only a few molecules of ATP. Whathappened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from theoxidation of glucose?
A) It was lost as heat.
B) It is stored in the carbon dioxide and water molecules releasedby these processes.
C) It is stored in the ATP that was formed by glycolysis and thecitric acid cycle.
D) It is stored in NADH and FADH2
12.
The First Law of Thermodynamics states that
A) entropy tends to increase in a system.
B) entropy tends to decrease in a system.
C) energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
D) the quality of energy in the universe is decreasing.
13.
The endosymbiotic theory states that _______________ evolved as aresult of a symbiotic relationship between different types ofbacteria. _____________ is thought to be the selective factor thatmade this symbiosis advantageous.
A) mitochondria / A change in the Earth’s atmosphere from anaerobicto aerobic
B) endoplasmic reticulum / A decrease in the amount of foodavailable in the environment
C) chloroplasts / A change in the Earth’s atmosphere from aerobicto anaerobic
D) lysosomes / A decrease in the amount of food available in theenvironment
14.
A mutation in a fruit fly affects one of the proteins that pumphydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane; thismutation makes that particular protein function less efficiently.When comparing aerobic cellular respiration in this fly with awild-type fly, you would predict that the mutant fly would
A) produce less ATP than a wild-type fly.
B) show no difference in ATP production when compared to awild-type fly.
C) produce more ATP than a wild-type fly.
D) not be able to produce any ATP via aerobic cellularrespiration.
15.
Proteins that are destined to be exported from the cell have unique_________________ that are recognized by signal recognitionparticles and thus moved to the _________________ duringtranslation.
A) phosphofructokinases / nucleus
B) codons / rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) signal recognition sequences / rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) signal recognition sequences / free ribosomes
16.
During the Krebs cycle
A) NADH is oxidized.
B) ATP is produced.
C) pyruvate is produced.
D) Acetly CoA gains a carbon to form pyruvate.
17.
Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen toproduce CO2 and water release free energy?
A) Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinityfor electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity forelectrons (such as O).
B) The electrons have a higher potential energy when associatedwith water and CO2 than they do in organic compounds.
C) The covalent bond in O2 is unstable and easily broken byelectrons from organic molecules.
D) The covalent bonds in organic molecules and molecular oxygenhave more kinetic energy than the covalent bonds in water andcarbon dioxide.
18.
In a chemical reaction, if ?G is negative, it means that thereaction is
A) exergonic, and work needs to be done for the reaction toproceed.
B) exergonic, and work can be done with energy released from thereaction.
C) endergonic, and work needs to be done in order for the reactionto proceed.
D) endergonic, and work can be done with energy released from thereaction.
19.
The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) ___________reaction.
A) ADP + P --> ATP
B) endergonic.
C) exergonic.
D) anabolic
20.
Glycolysis
A) involves catabolic reactions and ATP is produced.
B) involves anabolic reactions and ATP is produced.
C) involves catabolic reactions and creates energy.
D) involves anabolic reactions and creates energy.

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