Microbiology and Immunology 3300B Study Guide - Ernst Boris Chain, Cloxacillin, Kanamycin A
6 Dec 2012
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Inhibit cell wall synthesis/ (4) b-lactam antibiotic: penicillins. Originated from fungi, can kill spirochetes: cephalosporins. Antimicrobial drugs interfere the growth of microbes within a host. Antibiotic substance produced by a microbe that in small amount inhibits another microbe. Selective toxicity drugs that kills harmful microbes. Without damaging the host: toxic to a specific bacteria. Pen g & pen v = are narrow spectrum. 1940 howard florey & ernst chain able to produce enough penicillin in 1940 to experiment with its effects on mice. 1st step binds to penicillin-binding chon (pbps) 2nd step inhibits activity of transpeptidase: enzyme cross linking of peptidoglycan chains, only for those with (+) cell wall. Penicillinases (b-lactamase) breaks lactam ring structure (ie. staphylococcus) Hypersensitivity (5-7 %) most common ae. Jarisch-herxheimer reactions: patient with syphilis then treated with penicillin suffer this reaction, a transient hypertension (secondary) Maculopapular rash (caused by ampicillin: elevated lesion at least <5 mm with erymathous border.
