CHM136H1 Lecture Notes - Ion, Allyl Group, Unpaired Electron

• School: UTSG
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHM136H1
• Professor: C.Scott Browning

Document Summary

Roughly, atoms whose en differs by < 0. 5 are non-polar covalent, atoms whose en differs by 0. 5 - 2 are polar covalent, and atoms whose en differs by > 2 are largely ionic. Inductive effect - the shifting of electrons in a bond in response to the en of nearby atoms. Metals inductively donate electrons, while non-metals inductively withdraw electrons. Net molecular polarity is measured by a quantity called a dipole moment. The dipole moment, (greek mu), is defined as the magnitude of the charge q at either end of the molecular dipole times the distance r between the charges. Dipole moments are expressed in debyes (d), where 1 d = 3. 336 x 10-30 cm. The unit charge on an electron is 1. 6 x 10-19 c. Formal charge = (# valence e-s in free atom) - (# valence e-s in bonded atom) = (# valence e-s in free atom) - (# bonding e-s /2) - (# non-bonding e-s)