BIOL 2021 Lecture Notes - Angiogenesis, Myc, Oncogene
12 May 2013
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Cellular and molecular level: characteristics of cancer cells: 2 heritable properties: reproduce without normal restraints on growth or division, invade and colonize new territory. 2 stages of tumors: benign= not invasive, not cancerous (primary tumor, neoplasm= growth and division without normal control, malignant= invasive= cancer, capable of forming metastases= secondary tumors. For evolution to occur: population of organisms with heritable variation, natural selection for individuals that have an advantage (leaving more progeny in this case) Cancer cells acquire and pass on heritable changes to progeny cells. Figure 20-7: cancer incidence increases with age, cancer cells accumulate mutagenic changes, cancers develop gradually in tumor progression stages, figure 20-9, 20-11. Mutation rate: carcinogens increase mutation rate. Number of reproducing population: proliferate advantage. Increase of number of cells that are in a population. Rate of reproduction: proliferative advantage increases rate of reproduction. Genetic instability: changes in dna maintenance genes.
