ECON 1B03 Lecture Notes - Market Power, Economy Class, Price Discrimination

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24 Jun 2013

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ECON 1B03 Full Course Notes

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The three sources of barriers of entry (that create monopolies: a single firm owns a key resource that no other firm can access or has a close substitute for. Its demand curve is the market demand curve. Note that a perfectly competitive firm has a horizontal demand curve (see chapter 14). *also note that because the demand curve is downward sloping, it has to lower p to increase q sold. Therefore marginal revenue is always lower than price. Profit maximizing monopolists will always choose to produce a level of output such that: *note that the demand curve is essentially an average revenue curve (and can be treated as such). Marginal revenue also always bisects the origin and the x intercept of the average revenue curve. The monopoly charges a price > marginal costs. Legislation to prevent mergers that would make the market less competitive. Government agencies regulate the prices a monopoly may charge.

Related Questions

A natural monopoly exists when

a. a monopolist produces a product, the main component of which is natural wood.

b. economies of scale are so large that only one firm can survive and achieve low average total cost in the long run.

c. a firm is the exclusive owner of a key resource necessary to produce the firm's product.

d. there are many close substitutes for a firm's product

cyangnat561

1. A monopoly market structure is characterized by

a. large number of firms, standardized products, easy entry and exit.

b. large number of firms, differentiated products, easy entry and exit.

C. small number of firms, standardized or differentiated products, difficult entry.

d. one firm, a unique product without close substitutes, and impossible entry.

e. one firm, differentiated product, impossible entry.

2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of monopolistic competition?

a. Differentiated products

b. A downward-sloping demand curve for individual firms

c. Firms that are price makers

d. Impeded entry into the industry

e. A large number of firms

3. One factor that distinguishes oligopoly from other market structures is

a. the ease of entry into the market.

b. the interdependence of firms.

c. the slope of the demand curve.

d. the degree of product differentiation.

e. the amount of advertising expenditures.

lavenderbat941

In which of the following ways is a monopoly beneficial to an economy?

A. Monopoly profits give firms more reason to invest in the creation of new products through research and development.

B. Firms that are allowed monopoly profits search out innovative technologies that they can bring to market.

C. With natural monopolies, costs may be lower than those that would exist in competitive markets with many producers.

D. All of the above.

Which of the following is a difference between a perfectly competitive market and a monopoly?

A. The market demand curve faced by a perfectly competitive firm is horizontal, while the market demand curve in a monopoly is downward-sloping.

B. The equilibrium price in a perfectly competitive market exceeds marginal revenue, while the equilibrium price in a monopoly equals marginal revenue.

C. The sellers in a perfectly competitive market are price-makers, while a seller in a monopoly market is a price-taker.

D. There are huge barriers to entry in a perfectly competitive market, while there are no barriers to entry in a monopoly.

In the United States in 2011, there were 104 fatalities per 100,000 workers in the logging industry. This is the second-highest rate after the fisheries industry. Although the fatality rate in this industry is so high, many workers still choose to work as loggers.

What could explain this?

A. Workers choose these high-risk jobs because they are willing to bear an occupational risk to earn a higher wage.

B. Low-risk jobs are already taken, so workers must choose their next-best alternative, which in this case is logging.

C. Workers in these industries lack human capital and must choose to work as loggers.

D. Loggers must be indifferent between low-risk and high-risk jobs.

In the case of a decrease in product prices:

A. the quantity effect always dominates the price effect.

B. the price effect always dominates the quantity effect.

C. when the price effect dominates the quantity effect, total revenue decreases.

D. when the quantity effect dominates the price effect, total revenue decreases

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ECON 1B03 Lecture Notes - Market Power, Economy Class, Price Discrimination

ECON 1B03 Full Course Notes

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