PSYA02H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 09: Operant Conditioning, Deep Structure And Surface Structure, Validity
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PSYA02H3 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Language: a system for communicating with others using signals that are combined according to rules of grammar and convey meaning. Grammar: a set of rules that specify how the units of language can be combined to produce meaningful messages. Language allows individuals to exchange information about the world, coordinate group action and form strong social bonds. Phonemes: the smallest units of sound that are recognizable as speech rather than as random noise. Phonological rules: indicate how phonemes can be combined to produce speech sounds. Morphemes: the smallest meaningful unites of language. Morphological rules: indicate how morphemes can be combined to form words: content morphemes = things and events, function morphemes = grammatical function, tying sentences together, indicating time. Syntactical rules: indicate how words can be combined to form phrases and sentences. Deep structure: the meaning of a sentence. Surface structure: how a sentence is worded. Fast mapping: children map a word onto an underlying concept after only a single exposure.
