ENV100Y5 Lecture 6: Lecture 6
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Microbiology Unit 2 Applied and Environmental Assignment Part 1:
Identify Nutritional requirements from Chapter 6 & 14 (and review from chapters 1 & 2)
1. Determine which of the 4 macromolecules require the following elements:
a. Carbon: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___
b. Nitrogen: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___
c. Sulfur: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___
2. The essential elements mentioned above are cycled through cells and the earth in biogeochemical cycles like the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the sulfur cycle. Select the correct answer and fill in the blanks to summarize these cycles:
a. Carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere by [autotrophs/heterotrophs] and converted to glucose through carbon ________________. When heterotrophs eat autotrophs they catabolize glucose to make ATP through __________________ and waste carbon is released as ___________.
b. There is plenty of nitrogen available in the atmosphere but it is not accessible to organisms because it is in the form of Nitrogen gas (N2). N2 is fixed by [bacteria/plants/animals] and converted to ammonia (NH3.) NH3 can be used by [bacteria/plants/animals] to build their cells. Next, by consuming food with amino acids, [bacteria/plants/animals] can get access to nitrogen for their own cellular needs.
c. There is also a good quantity of sulfur in dirt, rocks, and the atmosphere. Sulfur cycles between H2S => S0 => SO4 => SH groups in Proteins => back to H2S. Using _________________ respiration, anoxygenic photosynthesis, and chemolithoautotrophy [bacteria/plants/animals] convert H2S and S0 to SO4 which is taken in by [bacteria/plants/animals] and used to build their cells. When [bacteria/plants/animals] eat plants they take in essential amino acids containing sulfur and recycle these to make their own proteins.
d. _________________ break down waste and dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the cycles.
*The C and N are summarized here: https://youtu.be/2D7hZpIYlCA and https://youtu.be/leHy-Y_8nRs
3. Identify the main metabolic classifications:
A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from sunlight | |
A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from reduced inorganic chemicals | |
A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon and energy | |
A microbe that uses organic carbon from others but energy from sunlight |
Please help me with my microbiology assignment.
Which of the following provides evidence for evolution?
All of these answers are correct |
Comparing DNA sequences between species |
Looking at the geographic distribution of similar species |
Comparing similarities in embryonic development between species |
Analyzing transitional fossils |
Which one of the following statements is true?
Natural selection works on non-heritable traits. |
Mutations only give rise to harmful traits. |
Natural selection works on variation already present in a population. |
Individuals evolve through natural selection. |
Which one of the following can create new alleles?
Genetic drift |
Natural selection |
Gene flow |
Mutation |
Which of the following is true concerning evolution?
An individual can evolve |
Genetic drift is a non-random part of natural selection |
An organism's fitness is determined by how long it survives |
Natural selection occurs through a change in allele frequency |
All living things need carbon. How does carbon enter the living portion of an ecosystem?
Atmospheric carbon dioxide taken in by photosynthesis. |
Atmospheric carbon dioxide taken in by soil bacteria. |
Elemental carbon taken in by plant roots. |
Elemental carbon taken in by cellular respiration. |
Elemental carbon taken in by cellular transpiration. |
The burning of fossil fuels:
Releases excess carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. |
Removes pollutants from the atmosphere. |
Was developed by scientists to combat global climate change. |
Has no effect on the carbon cycle. |
Is good for the environment |
__________ conducts water and dissolved minerals from the __________ to the ___________.
Phloem; roots; shoots |
Xylem; roots; shoots |
Phloem; shoots; roots |
Xylem; shoots; roots |
What is a disadvantage of growing traditional crops such as corn, soy or sugar cane for making biofuel?
they require lots of land and fresh water |
they take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere |
they release oxygen into the atmosphere |
they release water through their stomata |
______ is the source of the oxygen gas released by a photosystem.
NADPH |
H2O |
C6H12O6 |
CO2 |
Chlorophyll |
Through what structure(s) do plants obtain most of their water?
interior cells |
stems |
leaves |
roots |
stomata |