GGR252H1 Lecture 9: Lecture 9-March 12-The Geography of Demand Lecture 10-March19-Murdies Social Area Model

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5 Aug 2010

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Lecture 9: March 12

The Geography of Demand: The Market

(A market is a set of consumers)

How do we usually identify and describe a market?

1. Spatially: bounding a spatial market. Where? What limits? Demands and distance.

2. Population size: numbers, distribution, and density. Population change.

Fig 17.3, CMAs, Fig 6.8 ± Intra urban population density has distance decay effect from

downtown. The core is not high density because this area is business area now. High density

around CBD (core business district).

Population change: P2 = P1 +(B - D) + (I - E)

3. Socioeconomic status: income, education, occupation, FAMEX data (income brackets ± how they

spend money).

Table 8.6: inner city ± lower income but contradiction is forest hill and rosedale

Suburbs ± higher income

Sector pattern, Fig 2.7, 2.8

Education and income

Occupation

High: highly skilled/managerial/professional, white collar

Middle: skilled/semi skilled, blue collar

Low: unskilled

Above note is continued in next lecture

Lecture 10: March 19

0XUGLH¶V6RFLDO$UHD0RGHO

Fig 6.4

Family status in inner city: child free, adult oriented.

Table 5.3 shows less than 40% are mom, dad, child. Nearly 25% of households are single person

(younger adults). Great diversity in composition of households.

4. Demographics: age, sex, lifecycle. Population pyramids.

Generalizations of pyramid: males are biologically vulnerable (chromosomes) and males do

stupid things so males die off earlier.

Population pyramids can be used in two ways:

x Can look at the past (ie absence of births due to wars). Can see baby booms (if contraction of

baby boom then baby bust becaXVHEDE\ERRPGLGQ¶WUHSURGXFHWKHPVHOYHV(FKRNLGVDUH

smaller booms.

x Can be used as predictive models.

After certain years, the number of people in age groups is not the same because of deaths,

immigration/emigration.

To Predict change in Demographic (age/sex) Composition

x Age specific death rates by sex.

x Age specific in migration by sex

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Document Summary

The geography of demand: the market (a market is a set of consumers) How do we usually identify and describe a market: spatially: bounding a spatial market. Demands and distance: population size: numbers, distribution, and density. Fig 17. 3, cmas, fig 6. 8 intra urban population density has distance decay effect from downtown. The core is not high density because this area is business area now. Population change: p2 = p1 +(b - d) + (i - e: socioeconomic status: income, education, occupation, famex data (income brackets how they spend money). Table 8. 6: inner city lower income but contradiction is forest hill and rosedale. Family status in inner city: child free, adult oriented. Table 5. 3 shows less than 40% are mom, dad, child. Nearly 25% of households are single person (younger adults). Great diversity in composition of households: demographics: age, sex, lifecycle.

A right triangle has legs ofknown lengths 2L and h. Find thelength of the line segment x whichis parallel to side h. Explainyour reasoning. Image in weblinkbelow:

http://paer.rutgers.edu/194/Downloads/194LAB07.pdfRY4bB71082bfFuqzISDrWGDOWfNgGl208qJNQTAhpzWjb_ahDlhGHPLz19S1Eq95&q=cache%3AnpyQu9LlzykJ%3Apaer.rutgers.edu%2F194%2FDownloads%2F194LAB07.pdf%20this%20geometry%20task%20may%20be%20helpful%20for%20devising%20a%20mathematical%20procedure%20for%20the%20next%20lab.%20A%20right%20triangle&docid=5c8a26db354186a31ce6383

POSTSCRIPT: EFFECTS OFASSUMPTIONS

The marbled murrelet is asmall bird that lives in the PacificNorthwest where old-growthforests are close to the sea. It nests inthe forests and feedsoffshore. It is now highly endangeredthroughout its range, whichextends from Northern California toAlaska.

These birds are extremelyvulnerable to loss of their habitat,because they nest exclusivelyin the same old-growth coniferoustrees that are prime targets forlogging. Considerable efforts havebeen made to protect the speciesby restricting timber operations inthe areas in which they areknown to nest. Scientists predicted thatthe population should growback. However until recently naturalistswere puzzledand

dismayed because thepopulation of marbled murrelets did notseem to be recovering oreven stabilizing.

A recent study suggests thereason why this testing experimentin conservation did not confirmthe prediction. The scientistsoverlooked an important assumption:murrelets can also be threatenedby man's activity at sea.Overfishing has severely reduced thepopulation of small,energy-rich fish that murrelets rely upon formost of theircalories.

Climate change of uncertainorigin may have also disrupted thefood chain, and El Nino currentsmay have changed the distributionof the phytoplankton that formsthe base of all marine life.

Further efforts to preservethe marbled murrelet must be basedon accurate assumptions aboutthe origin of their difficulties.

Could naturalists have betterconsidered their originalassumptions years ago? What would yousay?

For a finite continuous charged object we can use integration tofind the electric potential at a point. As is the case for anyfinite charge distribution, the value of the electric potential canbe chosen to be zero at any reference point which is sufficientlyfar from the distribution. I.e. One can (and usually does) chooseV_(infinity) = 0 at r = infinity.

Consider a rod of length L extending from the origin along thepositive x axis, and a point P located at x = -D, which is adistance D from the origin. The task is to find the electricpotential (voltage) at the point P.

ChargedRod

The above Figure shows the rod. Highlighted is one small piece ofthe rod which is located at a position x and has length (dx). Note:In answers below, if you want to include dx, it is good practice toput (dx) in parentheses.

(a) Suppose that the rod is uniformly charged to a value Q. Writethe expression for the linear charge density, using the symbolsalready defined.
lambda = 1Click here to preview your answer.

(b) The small piece of the rod has length dx. In terms of symbolsL, x, (dx), D, Q and constants, what is the infinitesimal charge onthe rod? You may need to enclose dx in parentheses for it todisplay properly.
dq = 2Click here to preview your answer.

c) What is the distance from the point to the small piece of therod? Answer in terms of symbols x, L, D, (dx) and constants.
3Click here to preview your answer.

(d) What is the infinitesimal voltage produced at point P from thisdq? Answer in terms of symbols k, Q, x, L, D, (dx) andconstants.
dV = 4Click here to preview your answer.

(e) The final step would be to integrate this result. What are thelower 5Click here to preview your answer.
and upper 6Click here to preview your answer. limits on theintegration? Answer in terms of symbols x, L, D, (dx) andconstants.

Note that if the charge of the rod had not been uniform, we wouldneed to know lambda as a function of x and use that in place of(Q/L).

GGR252H1 Lecture 9: Lecture 9-March 12-The Geography of Demand Lecture 10-March19-Murdies Social Area Model

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