ANAT 261 Lecture Notes - Duodenum, Elastase, Catabolism

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ceruleanprairie-dog589

6 Apr 2012

School

McGill University

Department

Anatomy & Cell Biology

Course

ANAT 261

Professor

Craig Mandato

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Document Summary

The liver is one of the glands in the digestive system. It has both endocrine and exocrine properties: exocrine: secretes bile, which goes to the gall bladder and then the intestines, endocrine: secreted into the bloodstream. The liver is the largest gland in the body. Portal veins come from various areas including those mentioned above: chylomicrons from the digestive tract come in from the portal veins to be digested, they have a functional circulation rather than a typical nutritional circulation. Hepatic arteries are paired with the portal veins and just run in the opposite direction: they oxygenate the liver. The hepatic vein has a typical nutritional function: it takes carbon dioxide produced in the liver back to the heart, it drains directly into the inferior vena cava. The first is endocrine secretion into the blood stream. Lipids combined with proteins can travel in the aqueous cytoplasm. Cholesterol is necessary for growth of the pm, but it can be bad when.

Related Questions

In addition to oxygen and carbon dioxide, the circulatory system is the primary delivery system for which of the following?

Cerebrospinal fluid

Exocrine secretions

Biliary fluid

Endocrine hormones

I have a lingering question which stems from an answer that Igave to What hydrolyses aspirin within the digestive tract andblood stream?

When a drug or any other substance is absorbed into thebloodstream in the stomach or small intestine, it ultimately passesthrough the hepatic portal vein and into the liver sinusoids, whereit is processed by hepatocytes and introduced into the generalcirculation via the vena cava. In terms of metabolism, this is whatcauses a "first-pass" effect for drugs that are ingested.

For drugs that are delivered either by intravenous,intramuscular, or sub-lingually (as in the other Biology.SEquestion), this first-pass effect is avoided, and the drug isintroduced into the general circulation without being metabolizedby the liver first.

Even though the first pass is avoided, the blood in the bodystill makes its way back through the liver eventually via thehepatic artery, which is a branch off of the celiac artery.

The issue I still have is, does the incoming blood from thehepatic artery merge with the blood from the hepatic portal vein?If not, does the blood from the hepatic artery still interact withthe hepatocytes in some way? (it makes sense that it does, and Ihave also read that one of the main functions of the hepatic arterywas to deliver blood supply for the liver's metabolic needs) Ifthis is not the case, where in the body would these drugs that wereintroduced via IV, etc., be metabolized?

The following are four aspects of hepatic (liver) function. Rank them in order of largest to smallest level of organization. A. a protein expressed on the surface of a hepatocyte (liver cell) that mediates movement of glucose across the plasma membrane B. the unusual arrangement of blood vessels that delivers nutrients absorbed from the small intestine directly to the liver. C. small tubes (canaliculi) within the liver that move bile secreted by hepatocytes into ducts that ultimately deliver it to the gall bladder for storage. D. synthesis and exocytosis of serum albumin (a protein) by hepatocytes

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ANAT 261 Lecture Notes - Duodenum, Elastase, Catabolism

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