BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Bronchiole, Dorsal Nerve Cord, Viviparity

31 views11 pages

maroonmallard463

26 Jun 2012

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

ghaniamerabia and 32 others unlocked

BIOL 111 Full Course Notes

Verified Note

44 documents

Document Summary

The first fish were jawless and they were benthic. November 13, 2007: had bony plates, heavily armoured, small, ostracoderms (shell skin) Later, the fish were bigger, spiny-finned, jawed predator, ancanthodians (spiny fin) Later, fish were less armoured, large predators = placoderms (plate skin) Early marine predators preying on fish: sea scorpions. Competition in water: shallow inland seas, swamps, ponds, experience low do2, crowding in shallow pools. Amount of oxygen (most important) stability of temperature. Air has higher concentration of oxygen than water. Gases diffuse faster in air than water. Air is less dense so less energy required to move it across respiratory surfaces. Gas bladder used as supplementary respiratory organ, then later modified for buoyancy. Present in early fish (placoderms now extinct) Used as a supplementary respiratory organ: gulp at air surface reappeared in bony fishes, actinopterygians (ray-finned, sarcopterygians (lobe-finned, from single dorsal pocket off esophagus, evolved into a swim bladder or supplementary respiratory.

Related Questions

Which of the following were probably factors that permitted early plants to successfully colonized land 1) the relative number of potential predators 2) the relative number of competitors 3) the relative availability of symbiotic partners 4) air's relative lack of support, compared to waters support

crimsonmammoth714

The number of individuals in a given area, such as an acre or a square mile, is a measurement known as:

	a. population size.
	b. minimum viable population.
	c. population distribution.
	d. population density.

Individuals who live in social groups are usually found in a ________________ distribution.

	a. patterned
	b. clumped
	c. uniform
	d. random

Under what conditions might we see exponential population growth?

	a. When the population is large and approaching carrying capacity
	b. When there is a sudden influx of a new food source
	c. When there are enough predators around to keep the population in check
	d. When a population has exceeded carrying capacity

What kind of things might cause a population experiencing exponential growth to transition to logistic growth?

	a. The loss of that population's main predator
	b. The emergence of a new food source such as ripening fruit on a tree
	c. More competition for food from other species in the area
	d. All of these could spur the transition.

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor for population growth?

	a. Fire
	b. Predators
	c. Competition for nesting sites
	d. Food availability

The number of individuals in a given area, such as an acre or a square mile, is a measurement known as:

	a. population size.
	b. minimum viable population.
	c. population distribution.
	d. population density.

Individuals who live in social groups are usually found in a ________________ distribution.

	a. patterned
	b. clumped
	c. uniform
	d. random

Under what conditions might we see exponential population growth?

	a. When the population is large and approaching carrying capacity
	b. When there is a sudden influx of a new food source
	c. When there are enough predators around to keep the population in check
	d. When a population has exceeded carrying capacity

What kind of things might cause a population experiencing exponential growth to transition to logistic growth?

	a. The loss of that population's main predator
	b. The emergence of a new food source such as ripening fruit on a tree
	c. More competition for food from other species in the area
	d. All of these could spur the transition.

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor for population growth?

	a. Fire
	b. Predators
	c. Competition for nesting sites
	d. Food availability

The number of individuals in a given area, such as an acre or a square mile, is a measurement known as:

	a. population size.
	b. minimum viable population.
	c. population distribution.
	d. population density.

Individuals who live in social groups are usually found in a ________________ distribution.

	a. patterned
	b. clumped
	c. uniform
	d. random

Under what conditions might we see exponential population growth?

	a. When the population is large and approaching carrying capacity
	b. When there is a sudden influx of a new food source
	c. When there are enough predators around to keep the population in check
	d. When a population has exceeded carrying capacity

What kind of things might cause a population experiencing exponential growth to transition to logistic growth?

	a. The loss of that population's main predator
	b. The emergence of a new food source such as ripening fruit on a tree
	c. More competition for food from other species in the area
	d. All of these could spur the transition.

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor for population growth?

	a. Fire
	b. Predators
	c. Competition for nesting sites
	d. Food availability

The number of individuals in a given area, such as an acre or a square mile, is a measurement known as:

	a. population size.
	b. minimum viable population.
	c. population distribution.
	d. population density.

Individuals who live in social groups are usually found in a ________________ distribution.

	a. patterned
	b. clumped
	c. uniform
	d. random

Under what conditions might we see exponential population growth?

	a. When the population is large and approaching carrying capacity
	b. When there is a sudden influx of a new food source
	c. When there are enough predators around to keep the population in check
	d. When a population has exceeded carrying capacity

What kind of things might cause a population experiencing exponential growth to transition to logistic growth?

	a. The loss of that population's main predator
	b. The emergence of a new food source such as ripening fruit on a tree
	c. More competition for food from other species in the area
	d. All of these could spur the transition.

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor for population growth?

	a. Fire
	b. Predators
	c. Competition for nesting sites
	d. Food availability

The number of individuals in a given area, such as an acre or a square mile, is a measurement known as:

	a. population size.
	b. minimum viable population.
	c. population distribution.
	d. population density.

Individuals who live in social groups are usually found in a ________________ distribution.

	a. patterned
	b. clumped
	c. uniform
	d. random

Under what conditions might we see exponential population growth?

	a. When the population is large and approaching carrying capacity
	b. When there is a sudden influx of a new food source
	c. When there are enough predators around to keep the population in check
	d. When a population has exceeded carrying capacity

What kind of things might cause a population experiencing exponential growth to transition to logistic growth?

	a. The loss of that population's main predator
	b. The emergence of a new food source such as ripening fruit on a tree
	c. More competition for food from other species in the area
	d. All of these could spur the transition.

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor for population growth?

	a. Fire
	b. Predators
	c. Competition for nesting sites
	d. Food availability

blushrhinoceros249

Which statement about evolution by natural selection isfalse?

Natural selection allows organisms with higher fitness toreproduce more successfully.

Natural selection favors those traits that confer higherfitness in the environment.

Natural selection is a random change in characteristics of apopulation over generations.

Evolution by natural selection affects populations oforganisms, not individual organisms.

An organism's fitness depends on its _____.

ability to survive and reproduce

ability to swap genetic material with other organisms

physical size

ability to mutate

population

Consider the heavily armored stickleback fish population thatcolonized the lake. If all the individuals in that population weregenetically identical, what do you predict would happen when theycolonized the freshwater lake?

The population would increase, as it has increased foodresources.

The population would evolve through natural selection to bebetter adapted to its environment.

The population would decrease due to more juvenile fish beingeaten.

No answer text provided.

Which of the following are adaptations?

Thicker beaks on finches that allows them to eat large seeds,when large seeds are the most abundant.

Less armor on stickleback fish in freshwater that allows themto grow faster to avoid predation.

More armor on stickleback fish in the ocean that prevents themfrom being eaten by larger predators.

None of the above.

All of the above.